Norman Gelb is the author of a number of acclaimed books, including Kings of the Jews: The Origins of the Jewish Nation. He is a historian and freelance writer, who periodically contributes to publications such as Smithsonian magazine.
In 2010, historian Gelb (Dunkirk: The Complete Story in the First
Step in the Defeat of Hitler) switched subjects, moving from World
War II to the line of Jewish kings, examining the 52 monarchs who
ruled until 70 CE. He offers an in-depth analysis of one of those
kings, Herod the Great, appointed king of Judea by the Romans in 37
BCE, holding the office for more than 30 years until he died. Most
of what we know about Herod is from the historian Josephus, who was
born forty years after Herod died. Josephus and other ancient
chroniclers depicted Herod as cold, calculating, cruel, and brutal.
He mistrusted most of his ten wives and sons, executing at least
one of the wives and a number of the sons, fearing that they were
trying to replace him. Despite Herod’s dark streak and mental
instability, Gelb tries to revamp the monarch’s image, stressing
the cities and structures he built, including his reconstruction of
the Temple, and asserting that 'his positive achievements may be
considered to have outweighed his brutality and tyrannical rule.'
This is an exemplary illustration of revisionist history.
*Publishers Weekly*
Herod was an outsider who came to power when appointed King of
Judea (he reigned from 37 BCE to his death in 4 BCE) during a
tumultuous time for the Roman Empire. He held onto power through
political schemes and assassinations, not unlike the rest of the
Roman elite. He was such a divisive figure that an unbiased and
straightforward biography is difficult to achieve—whether Herod was
as bad as his historical reputation indicates has been debated for
centuries. Historian Gelb’s (Kings of the Jews: Exploring the
Origins of the Jewish Nation) subtitle summarizes his take on
Herod: Herod’s statesmanship and vision outweigh his tyranny. Gelb
takes pains to place Herod’s actions in historical context by
starting the narrative well before Herod’s birth and ending well
after his death. While the book is by no means an apology for
Herod, Gelb tends to favor arguments that show Herod in a more
positive light. The author does not rigorously question the early
sources. VERDICT This is an excellent choice for nonspecialists who
want a straightforward biography of Herod, particularly those who
are interested in Roman or biblical history.
*Library Journal*
Herod wasn’t called great because he was such a swell guy. In fact,
history has treated him quite roughly and justifiably so. According
to the New Testament, he ordered the murder of young boys to make
sure there would be no Jewish messiah. And he played a part in the
graphic story of John the Baptist’s head landing on a platter.
Killing beloved relatives was also part of his repertoire. But
Gelb, who has written extensively on Jewish history, aims for a
more rounded portrait of the Jewish king. While not disputing any
of the charges, he also focuses on a different part of Herod’s
legacy: his ability to transform and rebuild Judea. In a highly
readable fashion, he traces Herod’s rise to power, his ability to
appease the winning side in the high-stakes politics of Rome, the
importance of his public-works programs, his political machinations
(which often ended in murder), and the reasons his actions often
irritated and incited the Jewish population. This account not only
delivers a full portrait of a historically important figure but
also offers much about the political and religious history of the
time.
*Booklist*
This book is more than a biography of Herod; it tells the history
of the Greco-Roman world in classical antiquity and the emergence
of early Christianity. Gelb attempts at presenting a balanced
picture of Herod, who is known largely for his cruelty (he killed
members of his own family!); yet, the Idumean who was appointed by
the Romans as King of Judaea had many facets to his personality.
Gelb examines Herod’s cruelty and paranoia, his genius as a builder
and architect, his cunning and cleverness as a diplomat and his
able work as an administrator. The book actually goes beyond
Herod’s reign to the reign of his great grandson, Marcus Julius
Agrippa: 'the last king of the Herodian dynasty and the last king
of the Jews though he never became king of Judaea.' There is a
bibliography, notes and an index. The book will be enjoyed by
anyone who likes to read about classical antiquity. Herod the Great
is especially recommended for anyone traveling to Israel because a
vast majority of the ancient tourist sites that you visit where
originally constructed by Herod—Tower of David Citadel, Masada,
Caesarea, etc.
*Association of Jewish Libraries Reviews*
This book accurately portrays the turbulent life and times of King
Herod the Great in a highly readable and engaging manner.
Fast-paced and clearly written, it will appeal to a broad
audience.
*Jodi Magness, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill*
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