Table of Contents

1 Front Matter; 2 Summary; 3 Part I: Introduction and Research on Learning; 4 1: Introduction; 5 2 Foundational Mathematics Content; 6 3 Cognitive Foundations for Early Mathematics Learning; 7 4 Developmental Variation, Sociocultural Influences, and Difficulties in Mathematics; 8 Part II: Teaching-Learning Paths; 9 5 The Teaching-Learning Paths for Number, Relations, and Operations; 10 6 The Teaching-Learning Paths for Geometry, Spatial Thinking, and Measurement; 11 Part III: Contexts for Teaching and Learning; 12 7 Standards, Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment; 13 8 The Early Childhood Workforce and Its Professional Development; 14 Part IV: Future Directions for Policy, Practice, and Research; 15 9 Conclusions and Recommendations; 16 Appendix A: Glossary; 17 Appendix B: Concepts of Measurement; 18 Appendix C: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff; 19 Index

About the Author

Committee on Early Childhood Mathematics, National Research Council