Table of Contents

1 Introduction 1

1.1 A historical review 1

1.2 Requirements for fastenings 2

1.3 Nature and direction of actions 2

2 Fastening systems 5

2.1 General 5

2.2 Cast-in-place systems 5

2.3 Drilled-in systems 10

2.4 Direct installation 29

3 Principles 33

3.1 General 33

3.2 Behaviour of concrete in tension 34

3.3 Failure mechanisms of fastenings 37

3.4 Cracked concrete 51

3.5 Why anchors may use the tensile strength of concrete 54

3.6 Prestressing of anchors 55

3.7 Loads on anchors 58

4 Behaviour of headed studs, undercut anchors and metal expansion anchors in non-cracked and cracked concrete 65

4.1 Non-cracked concrete 65

4.2 Cracked concrete 142

5 Behaviour of cast-in anchor channels in non-cracked and cracked concrete 163

5.1 Non-cracked concrete 163

5.2 Cracked concrete 179

6 Behaviour of bonded anchors in non-cracked and cracked concrete 181

6.1 Non-cracked concrete 181

6.2 Cracked concrete 204

6.3 Bonded undercut anchors and bonded expansion anchors 208

7 Behaviour of plastic anchors in non-cracked and cracked concrete 211

7.1 Non-cracked concrete 211

7.2 Cracked concrete 220

8 Behaviour of power actuated fasteners in non-cracked and cracked concrete 223

8.1 Non-cracked concrete 223

8.2 Cracked concrete 225

9 Behaviour of screw anchors in non-cracked and cracked concrete 227

9.1 Installation 227

9.2 Non-cracked concrete 231

9.3 Cracked concrete 234

10 Behaviour of anchors under seismic loading 237

10.1 Anchor applications 237

10.2 Seismic actions 238

10.4 Behaviour of anchors under seismic conditions 240

11 Behaviour of anchors in fire 249

12 Corrosion of anchors 255

13 Influence of fastenings on the capacity of components in which they are installed 259

14 Design of fastenings 265

14.1 General 265

14.2 Verifying the suitability of an anchor system 266

14.3 Design of fastenings with post-installed metal expansion, undercut and bonded expansion anchors according to the EOTA Guideline 267

14.4 Design of fastenings according to the CEN Technical Specification 283

14.5 Design of fastenings with cast-in and post-installed metal anchors according to ACI 318-05 Appendix D 330

References 343

Subject Index 371

About the Author

Rolf Eligehausen, Prof. Dr.-Ing. studied structural engineering at the Technical University Brunswick and gained his doctorate from the University of Stuttgart. Following two years of research at the University of California Berkeley, he became professor for fastenings technology at Otto Graf Institute, University of Stuttgart in 1984. He is a member of numerous national and international expert commissions in the fields of steel-reinforced concrete and fastening technologies and the author of a large number of essays on these topics. Rainer Mallee, Dr.-Ing. studied structural engineering at the Technical University Brunswick and gained his doctorate from the University of Stuttgart. Between 1980 and 1987 he was head of Professor Rehm's engineering company in Munich, before becoming head of development in fastening elements at fischer in Waldachtal. Since 1996 he has been head of research at the fischer group of companies. John F. Silva, MS, SE gained his Master of Civil Engineering at the University of California at Berkeley and is a Structural Engineer. He worked for ca. 10 years in San Francisco at two renowned engineering firms concentrating on inter alia fastenings during earthquakes. He worked in the development centre at HILTI for four years and currently works in their San Francisco offices.