Table of Contents

List of Contributors vii

Preface xi

List of Abbreviations xiii

About the Companion Website xix

1 History of Anesthesia for Congenital Heart Disease 1
Viviane G. Nasr, Paul A. Hickey and Dolly D. Hansen

2 Education for Anesthesia in Patients with Congenital Cardiac Disease 16
Sugantha Sundar, Lori Newman and James A. DiNardo

3 Quality, Outcomes, and Databases in Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia 29
Lisa Caplan, Ehrenfried Schindler and David F. Vener

4 Development of the Cardiovascular System and Nomenclature for Congenital Heart Disease 42
Barry D. Kussman and Wanda C. Miller-Hance

5 Physiology and Cellular Biology of the Developing Circulation 84
Dean B. Andropoulos

6 Anesthetic Agents and Their Cardiovascular Effects 106
Dean B. Andropoulos and Emad B. Mossad

7 Cardiopulmonary Bypass 126
Ralph Gertler and Dean B. Andropoulos

8 Multiorgan Effects of Congenital Cardiac Surgery 156
Gina Whitney, Suanne Daves and Brian Donahue

9 Anesthetic and Sedative Neurotoxicity in the Patient with Congenital Heart Disease 184
Richard J. Levy, Lisa Wise-Faberowski and Dean B. Andropoulos Part II Monitoring

10 Vascular access and monitoring 199
Kenji Kayashima, Shoichi Uezono and Dean B. Andropoulos

11 Neurological Monitoring and Outcome 230
Ken Brady, Chandra Ramamoorthy, R. Blaine Easley and Dean B. Andropoulos

12 Transesophageal Echocardiography in Congenital Heart Disease 250
Annette Vegas and Wanda C. Miller-Hance

13 Coagulation, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, and Bleeding 294
Bruce E. Miller, Nina A. Guzzetta and Glyn D. Williams Part III Preoperative Considerations

14 Preoperative Evaluation and Preparation 314
Emad B. Mossad, Rahul Baijal and Raj Krishnamurthy

15 Approach to the Fetus, Premature, and Full-Term Neonate 336
Annette Y. Schure, Peter C. Laussen and Kirsten C. Odegard

16 Approach to the Adult Patient 354
Jane Heggie and Catherine Ashes Part IV Management

17 Hemodynamic management 375
Mirela Bojan and Philippe Pouard

18 Arrhythmias: Diagnosis and Management 404
Santiago O. Valdes, Jeffrey J. Kim and Wanda C. Miller-Hance

19 Airway and Respiratory Management 436
Stephen A. Stayer and Gregory B. Hammer

20 Early Tracheal Extubation and Postoperative Pain Management 451
Alexander Mittnacht Part V Anesthesia for Specific Lesions

21 Anesthesia for Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions 468
Scott G. Walker

22 Anesthesia for Left-sided Obstructive Lesions 497
James P. Spaeth and Andreas W. Loepke

23 Anesthesia for Right-sided Obstructive Lesions 516
Michael L. Schmitz, Sana Ullah, Rahul Dasgupta and Lorraine L. Thompson

24 Anesthesia for Transposition of the Great Arteries 542
Angus McEwan and Mariepi Manolis

25 Anesthesia for the Patient with a Single Ventricle 567
Susan C. Nicolson, James M. Steven, Laura K. Diaz and Dean B. Andropoulos

26 Anesthesia for Miscellaneous Cardiac Lesions 598
Ian McKenzie, Maria Markakis Zestos, Stephen A. Stayer and Dean B. Andropoulos

27 Anesthesia for Cardiac and Pulmonary Transplantation 636
Glyn D. Williams, Chandra Ramamoorthy and Anshuman Sharma

28 Anesthesia for Pulmonary Hypertension 661
Mark D. Twite and Robert H. Friesen Part VI Anesthesia Outside the Cardiac Operating Room

29 Anesthesia for the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory 677
Philip Arnold and Aarti Shah

30 Anesthesia for Non-cardiac Surgery and Magnetic Resonance Imaging 705
Erin A. Gottlieb and Stephen A. Stayer

31 Cardiac Intensive Care 720
V. Ben Sivarajan, Justin C. Yeh, Peter C. Laussen and Stephen J. Roth

32 Mechanical Support of the Circulation 751
Adam Skinner, Stephen B. Horton, Pablo Motta and Stephen Stayer

Appendix: Texas Children's Hospital Pediatric Cardiovascular Anesthesia Drug Sheet (April 2015) 777
Lisa A. Caplan and Erin A. Gottlieb

Index 782

About the Author

Dean B. Andropoulos, MD, MHCM Anesthesiologist-in-Chief Texas Children's Hospital; Professor, Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Vice Chair for Clinical Affairs Department of Anesthesiology Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA Stephen Stayer, MD Professor of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Associate Chief of Anesthesiology Medical Directory of Perioperative Services Texas Children's Hospital Houston, TX, USA Emad B. Mossad, MD Director, Arthur S. Keats Division of Pediatric CardiovascularAnesthesiology Texas Children s Hospital; Professor, Anesthesiology and Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA Wanda C. Miller-Hance, MD, FACC, FAAP, FASE Associate Director, Arthur S. Keats Division of PediatricCardiovascular Anesthesiology Director of Intraoperative Echocardiography, Texas Children sHospital Professor, Anesthesiology (Pediatric Anesthesiology) and Pediatrics(Cardiology) Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA