Table of Contents

FLUID AND SOLID MECHANICS AND CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics
Introduction
Intrinsic Fluid Properties
Hydrostatics
Macroscopic Balances of Mass and Momentum
Microscopic Balances of Mass and Momentum
Bernoulli Equation
Dimensional Analysis
Fluid Mechanics in a Straight Tube
Boundary Layer Separation

Introduction to Solid Mechanics
Introduction to Mechanics of Materials
Analysis of Thin-Walled Cylindrical Tubes
Analysis of Thick-Walled Cylindrical Tubes
Viscoelasticity

Cardiovascular Physiology
Introduction
Heart
Cardiac Valves
Systemic Circulation
Coronary Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation and Gas Exchange in the Lungs
Cerebral and Renal Circulations
Microcirculation
Regulation of the Circulation
Atherosclerosis

BIOMECHANICS OF THE HUMAN CIRCULATION
Rheology of Blood and Vascular Mechanics
Rheology of Blood
Vascular Mechanics
Summary

Static and Steady Flow Models
Introduction
Hydrostatics in the Circulation
Applications of the Bernoulli Equation
Rigid Tube Flow Models
Estimation of Entrance Length and Its Effect on Flow Development in Arteries
Flow in Collapsible Vessels
Summary

Unsteady Flow and Nonuniform Geometric Models
Introduction
Windkessel Models for the Human Circulation
Continuum Models for Pulsatile Flow Dynamics
Hemodynamic Theories of Atherogenesis
Wall Shear Stress and Its Effect on Endothelial Cells
Flow through Curved Arteries and Bifurcations
Flow through Arterial Stenoses and Aneurysms
Summary

Native Heart Valves
Introduction
Aortic and Pulmonary Valves
Mitral and Tricuspid Valves

CARDIOVASCULAR IMPLANTS, BIOMECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS, AND COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATIONS
Prosthetic Heart Valve Dynamics
Introduction
Brief History of Heart Valve Prostheses
Hemodynamic Assessment of Prosthetic Heart Valves
In Vitro Studies of Coagulation Potential and Blood Damage
Durability of Prosthetic Heart Valves
Current Trends in Valve Design
Conclusions

Vascular Therapeutic Techniques
Vascular Graft Implants
Arteriovenous Fistulas
Types of Vascular Graft Materials Used
Clinical Experience with Vascular Grafts
Biomechanics and Anastomotic IH
Angioplasty, Stent, and Endoluminal Graft Implants
Biomechanics of Stent Implants

Fluid Dynamic Measurement Techniques
Introduction
Blood Pressure Measurement
Blood Flow Measurement
Impedance Measurement
Flow Visualization
Ultrasound Doppler Velocimetry
Laser Doppler Velocimetry
MRI and Velocity Mapping Techniques

Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of the Human Circulation
Introduction
Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Analysis Techniques
Modeling Considerations for Biofluid Mechanical Simulations
Fluid Dynamic Simulations in the Human Circulation
Future Directions: Multiscale Modeling
Summary
CFD Simulation Assignments

Index

Problems and References appear at the end of each chapter.

About the Author

Krishnan B. Chandran is the Lowell G. Battershell Chair and professor in biomedical engineering, professor in mechanical and industrial engineering, and faculty research engineer in IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering at the University of Iowa. His current research interests include vascular prosthesis and artificial heart valve dynamics, fluid dynamics and mass transport in arteries, and fluid dynamics and atherosclerosis. Stanley E. Rittgers is a professor emeritus in biomedical engineering at the University of Akron. His research interests include cardiovascular hemodynamics, noninvasive diagnostics, ultrasound Doppler techniques, in vitro flow modeling, arterial bypass grafting, blood shear and vascular hyperplasia, and cardiovascular drug delivery. Ajit P. Yoganathan is Regents' Professor and associate chair for research, Wallace H. Coulter Distinguished Faculty Chair in biomedical engineering, and director of the Cardiovascular Fluid Mechanics Laboratory at Georgia Institute of Technology. His research areas include cardiovascular fluid dynamics, optimization of cardiovascular surgeries, surgical planning, tissue engineering of heart valves, and the use of MRI and 3D Echo to study blood flow patterns in cardiovascular structures.

Reviews

"... the book provides a good platform in fluid mechanics prior to progressing to the physiological applications which make it an appropriate textbook for BME students."
-Professor Tim McGloughlin, Centre for Applied Biomedical Engineering Research and Department of Mechanical Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick