Table of Contents

Epidemiology of Bone Cancer

1. Osteoarchaeology: lessons to learn from the past

2. Epidemiology of primary bone tumors and economical aspects of bone metastases

Models of Bone Cancers and Technical Aspects

Animal Models

3. Animal models of bone sarcomas

4. In vivo models used in studies of bone metastaes

5. Zebrafish models for studying bone tumors

Mathematic models and machine learning

6. Use of machine learning in bone cancers

7. Artifical intelligence for bone cancer imaging

Preparation of tissue samples: technical aspects

8. Technical aspects: how do we best prepare bone samples for proper histological analysis?

Bone Microenvironment and Bone Cancer

Bone niche

9. Bone niche and bone metastases

10. Bone: a fertil soil for tumor development

11. Osteomimicry: old concepts and new findings

Dialog between cancer cells and bone cells

12. Role of mesenchymal stem cells in bone cancers, initiation, propagation and metastasis

13. Technical approaches for studying the communications between osteocytes and cancer cells

14. Osteocytes and bone cancers

15. Immune functions of osteoclasts: new insights for bone cancers

16. Immune infiltrate in bone sarcomas

17. Macrophages and pathophysiology of bone cancers

Mediators of cell communications

18. Growth factors, cytokines and pediatric malignant primary bones tumors

19. The role of NFkB in bone cancer

20. TGF-beta and bone cancers: a specific focus

21. Extracellular vesicles, tumor growth and metastatic process

22. Connexin43 and development of primary bone tumors : osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma

23. The role of endocannabinoid system in bone cancer

Metabolism

24. Impact of the microenvironment acidosis on bone cancers

25. Hypoxic niche and bone cancers

26. Metabolism and bone cancers

Bone Tumor Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Biomarkers

Heterogeneity and plasticity

27. EMT process in bone metastasis

28. Cancer stem cells and clonal evolution in bone sarcomas

29. Dormancy in cancer bone metastasis

Biomarkers

30. Bone Remodelling Markers and Bone Cancer

31. Epigenetic Heterogeneity in Primary Bone Cancers

32. miRNA implication in therapeutic resistance and metastatic dissemination of bone-associated tumors

33. MicroRNAs and bone metastasis: how small RNAs regulate secondary tumour formation and progression in the skeleton

34. Long-non coding RNA and bone sarcoma

35. Liquid biopsy and circulating tumor cells in bone sarcomas: identification of new biomarkers and analysis of the tumor heterogeneity

36. Disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow of cancer patients

II. PRIMARY BONE TUMORS

Biological aspects

37. Cytogenetics of bone sarcomas

38. Genetic aspects of primary bone tumors

39. Markers of bone sarcomas

40. Molecular pathology of osteosarcoma

41. Genomic and proteomic profiling of osteosarcoma

42. Ewing sarcoma family of tumors

43. Molecular aspects of Ewing sarcomas

44. Osteoclast-rich lesions: a clinical and molecular overview

45. Biology of cartilage tumor family

Clinical aspects and Perspectives

Imaging

46. Imaging of bone sarcomas

Therapeutic approaches

47. Current therapeutic approaches of bone sarcomas

48. Surgical approaches of bone sarcomas: Margins and clinical impact

49. Apoptosis and drug resistance in malignant bone tumors: impact on the clinical practices

50. Chondrosarcoma of Bone: Diagnosis and Therapy

51. Radiotherapy and Primary bone tumors

52. New therapeutic advances of bone sarcomas

III. BONE METASTASES

Biological aspects

53. The histopathology of skeletal Metastases

54. Indentification of new therapeutic targets of bone cancers by proteomic strategies

Clinical aspects and Perspectives

Imaging

55. Interventional radiologic techniques in management of bone tumors

56. Diagnosis of bone metastases in urological malignancies – an update

Bone pain

57. Mechanisms and management of bone cancer pain

58. Involvement of sympathic nerves in bone mestastasis

59. Pain control with palliative radiotherapy in patients with bone metastases

60. Palliative care of bone metastases

Therapeutic approaches

61. Radiotherapy of bone metastases

62. Cellular and molecular actions of bisphosphonates: therapeutic interest in tumor-associated bone diseases

63. Bone-Targeted agents and skeletal-related events in breast cancer patients with bone metastases

64. Bone metastases – current status of bone-targeted treatments

65. Therapies of bone metastases in castration-resistant prostate cancer

66. Therapy with bone-targeting radiopharmaceuticals

67. Therapeutic approaches of bone metastases associated with breast cancer

MYELOMA: A BONE ASSOCIATED DISEASE

68. Biological relationship between bone and myeloma cells

69. Recent therapeutic approaches in myeloma

About the Author

Dominique Heymann studied cell biology, biochemistry and immunology in INSERM (French NIH) unit 211 at the University of Nantes and received his Ph.D. in 1995. He was appointed Associate Professor in 2001 in the Department of Histology and Embryology. In 2009, he was awarded a personal Chair of Histology and Embryology.Currently he is the Quality Control Manager of the Tissue Bank and Gene and Cellular Therapy Unit at Nantes Hospital. He heads a laboratory research group (INSERM UMR 957) of 65 people at the Faculty of Medicine, where the pathogenesis of primary bone tumours, and more specifically, the role of bone microenvironment (osteoclasts, mesenchymal stem cells, OPG/RANK/RANKL, IL-6 and MCSF cytokine family) in tumour growth is studied.In 2006, Dominique Heymann won the Paul Mathieu prize from the National Academy of Medicine for his work entitled “From the osteolytic process associated to primary bone tumors to the development of bi-therapies for osteosarcoma”. He was on the national scientific advisory board of INSERM (2008-2012) and is now Co-Chairman of INSERM scientific commission n°5 (“Physiology and pathophysiology of endocrine, bone, skin and gastrointestinal tissues”). He has authored approximately 180 publications in peer- reviewed journals, more than 300 abstracts and 20 book chapters. He is also Associate Editor of Life Sciences, Academic Editor of PLoS ONE, Editor-in-Chief of the Open Bone Journal and serves on the Editorial Board of Current Medicine Chemistry, European Journal of Pharmacology, and Journal of Bone Oncology.

Reviews

Praise for the Previous Editions:
"...a comprehensive description of bone tumors from basic to clinical aspects by the most recent data available...specifically useful to medical students and scientists, health professionals, researchers and teachers working in the osteo-articular field." --Anticancer Research

"Reviewing the current advances in the progression and therapeutic approaches to bone cancer is an extremely challenging task. Bone cancer is not a single disease; rather, it is a field comprising a diverse and complex range of malignancies, from primary bone tumors of stromal cell origin, to hematopoietic malignancies and secondary metastatic bone disease. Dominique Heymann has assembled an exciting, comprehensive and up-to-date series of reviews contributed by experts in the basic and clinical aspects of bone research. In the past decade, our understanding of cancers involving bone has increased tremendously, underpinned by advances in the cellular, molecular and biochemical mechanisms of bone cell interactions in health and disease, together with advances in genetics, diagnostics, imaging and therapeutic strategies. All these aspects are covered in this timely volume, which will galvanize further cooperative efforts in the coming years between basic researchers, oncologists and pathologists towards understanding the causes of different bone cancers and translating this knowledge into the clinic." --Agi E. Grigoriadis, PhD, Departments of Craniofacial Development and Orthodontics, King's College London, United Kingdom

"Our understanding of bone biology and diseases has strikingly progressed in the last decade. In parallel, the processes that lead to various forms of cancer have been further unraveled and the mechanisms leading to metastatic spread further explored. In this book, Dr. Heymann has gathered some of the world experts on these subjects to explore the cutting edge where these fields merge in the context of bone cancer and metastasis, their pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. This encompassing book will undoubtedly meet the needs of residents and fellows as well as expert clinicians and scientists." --Roland Baron, Professor, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA