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Table of Contents

1. Concepts and Background of Causation.- Causality in the Natural Sciences.- Concepts of Contagion.- Epidemiology and Causation.- Causation of Epidemics in the Prebacteriology Era.- The Age of Bacteriological Discovery.- References.- 2. Causation and Bacterial Diseases.- Jacob Henle.- Edwin Klebs.- Robert Koch.- New Diseases.- References.- 3. Causation and Acute Viral Diseases.- The Epidemiological Concept.- Agents in Search of Disease.- New Diseases.- References.- 4. Slow and Persistent Viral Infections.- Unconventional or True Slow Viral Infections.- Chronic CNS Diseases Due to Conventional Viruses.- New Challenges.- Summary.- References.- 5. Viruses and Cancer.- Burkitt’s Lymphoma.- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.- Hodgkin’s Disease.- Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.- Lymphomas and Other Malignancies in AIDS Patients.- Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).- Genital Herpes, Papillomaviruses, and Cervical Cancer.- Human T-cell Leukemia Virus, Type I (HTLV-I) and T-cell Leukemia.- Summary.- References.- 6. Causation of Epidemics and Immunological Diseases.- Epidemic Diseases.- Immunological Diseases.- References.- 7. Limitations of the Henle—Koch Postulates: Effect of New Concepts and of Technology.- Factors Directly Limiting the Henle—Koch Postulates as Originally Stated.- Role of New Developments in Technology on Causation.- References.- 8. Challenges to the Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases in the Next Decade.- Retroviruses.- Other Infectious Agents.- Immunization Programs.- Emergence of New Viruses and New Viral Infections.- Early Diagnosis and Detection.- Other Challenges in Infectious Disease Epidemiology.- Summary.- References.- 9. Causation and Chronic Diseases.- Toward a Unified Concept.- References.- 10. Causation and Occupational Diseases.- Epidemiological Issues.- Legal Issues.- Causation and the Law.- Elements of Causal Proof in the Law.- Guidelines for Causation in Occupational Diseases.- Limitations and Applications.- Current Examples of Toxic Tort Litigation.- Possible Modifications of the System.- Summary.- References.- 11. The Clinical Illness Promotion Factor: A Third Ingredient.- Acute Infectious Diseases.- Viruses and Cancer.- Viruses and Chronic Disease.- Discussion.- References.- 12. Subclinical Epidemiology.- References.- Epilogue.