Dedication
Acknowledgments
About the Editors
Contributing Authors
Preface
Introduction
Section I The Basics
Chapter 1
Introduction Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS and David L.
Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 2 Anatomy Malik Y. Kahook, MD and E. Michael Van
Buskirk, M D
Peripapillary Atrophy: Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS and Malik Y.
Kahook, MD
Chapter 3 Practical Aqueous Humor Dynamics Joel S.
Schuman, MD, FACS; Malik Y. Kahook, MD; and David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
An Interesting Question: David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Testing of New Glaucoma Drugs: David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
Chapter 4 The Patient’s History: Symptoms of
Glaucoma Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS and David L. Epstein,
MD, MMM
Steroid-Induced Elevation of Intraocular Pressure: David L.
Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 5 Examination of the Eye Ian P. Conner, MD, PhD;
Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS; Malik Y. Kahook, MD; and David L.
Epstein, MD, MMM
The Rule of 5%: David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 6 Tonometry and Tonography Jeremy B. Wingard, MD
and Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS
Chapter 7 The Angle of the Anterior Chamber Joel S.
Schuman, MD, FACS; Deval Joshi, MD; and Lisa S. Gamell,
MD
Gonioscopy During Operation: Joel S. Schuman, MD,
FACS
Chapter 8 Examination of the Optic Nerve Ian P. Conner,
MD, PhD; Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS; and David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
Clinical Assessment of the Nerve Fiber Layer: Joel S. Schuman,
MD, FACS
Chapter 9 Imaging of the Optic Nerve Head and Nerve Fiber
Layer Lindsey S. Folio, MS, MBA; Gadi Wollstein, MD; and
Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS
Chapter 10 Imaging Devices for Angle Assessment Mina B.
Pantcheva, MD and Malik Y. Kahook, MD
Chapter 11 Visual Fields and Their Relationship to the Optic
Nerve Joshua D. Stein, MD, MS and R. Rand Allingham,
MD
Section II Medications Used in Glaucoma
Therapy
Chapter 12 Adrenergic Agents: Blockers
and Agonists Pratap Challa, MD, MS and David L. Epstein,
MD, MMM
Evaluating Clinical Trials: Pratap Challa, MD, MS and David L.
Epstein, MD, MMM
Timolol and Albino Rabbits: Pratap Challa, MD, MS and David L.
Epstein, MD, MMM
Laboratory Glaucoma Models: Pratap Challa, MD, MS and David L.
Epstein, MD, MMM
Statistical and Clinical Significance: Pratap Challa, MD, MS
and David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Mechanisms of Epinephrine-Induced Cystoid Macular
Edema: Pratap Challa, MD, MS and
David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 13 The Miotics Pratap Challa, MD, MS and David
L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Acetylcholinesterase: David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
Drug Therapy Compliance: David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
Limited Duration of Activity of Phospholine Iodide: David L.
Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 14 Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Systemic
Use Pratap Challa, MD, MS and David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
Chapter 15 Topical Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Pratap
Challa, MD, MS and Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS
Chapter 16 Prostaglandin Analogs Angela V. Turalba, MD
and Douglas J. Rhee, MD
Chapter 17 Management of Highly Elevated Intraocular
Pressure Joshua D. Stein, MD, MS; R. Rand Allingham, MD;
and Pratap Challa, MD, MS
Section III Common Open-Angle
Glaucomas
Chapter 18 Primary Open-Angle
Glaucoma Kimberly V. Miller, MD; Joel S. Schuman, MD,
FACS; and David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Myopia: David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
Common Mistakes in Glaucoma Management: David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
Trabecular Glaucoma Versus Optic Nerve Glaucoma: David L.
Epstein, MD, MMM
Tonography: David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 19 Low-Tension Glaucoma Ian P. Conner, MD, PhD;
Kimberly V. Miller, MD; Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS; and David
L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Low-Tension Glaucoma and the General Ophthalmologist: David L.
Epstein, MD, MMM
Ocular Effects of Calcium-Channel Blockers: Past
Promise: Peter A. Netland, MD, PhD
Chapter 20 Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Open-Angle
Glaucoma Pratap Challa, MD, MS and David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
Tonography in Pseudoexfoliation: Pratap Challa, MD, MS and
David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 21 Pigment Dispersion and Pigmentary
Glaucoma Ian P. Conner, MD, PhD; Kimberly V. Miller, MD;
Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS; and David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
Tonography: David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Section IV Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Chapter 22
Principles of Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma George
Ulrich, MD, FACS and David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Iris Retraction Syndrome: David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
Pseudo-Unilateral Angle Closure: David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
Chapter 23 Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Diagnosis and
Treatment George Ulrich, MD, FACS; Joel S. Schuman, MD,
FACS; David L. Epstein, MD, MMM; and Ian P. Conner, MD,
PhD
Anterior Chamber Deepening With Mechanical Breaking of Peripheral
Anterior Synechiae With an
Iris Spatula (Goniosynechialysis): David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
Chapter 24 Subacute (and Chronic) Angle-Closure Glaucoma
George Ulrich, MD, FACS and David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
Chapter 25 Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Evaluation and Treatment After
Iridotomy Mina B. Pantcheva, MD; Malik Y. Kahook, MD;
and David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 26 Plateau Iris Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS; Malik Y.
Kahook, MD; and David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 27 The Use of Special Tests in Narrow-Angled Eyes
Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS and David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
Goniolens Characteristics: R. Rand Allingham,
MD
Section V Secondary Angle-Closure
Glaucomas
Chapter 28 Principles of Secondary
Angle-Closure Glaucomas David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
Chapter 29 The Malignant Glaucoma Syndromes Ian P.
Conner, MD, PhD; Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS; and David L. Epstein,
MD, MMM
The History of Mydriatic-Cycloplegic Therapy: David L.
Epstein, MD, MMM
The Chandler Operation: Ian P. Conner, MD, PhD; Joel S.
Schuman, MD, FACS; and
David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 30 Nanophthalmos: Diagnosis and Treatment Zvia
Burgansky-Eliash, MD and Richard J. Simmons, MD
Chapter 31 Neovascular Glaucoma Jeffrey R. SooHoo, MD;
David K. Dueker, MD; and Malik Y. Kahook, MD
Chapter 32 Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndromes Sarwat
Salim, MD, FACS and M. Bruce Shields, MD
Chapter 33 Glaucoma After Vitreoretinal Procedures Ron
A. Adelman, MD, MPH, MBA, FACS and Martin Wand, MD
Intraocular Gas and Altitude: Martin Wand, MD and Ron A.
Adelman, MD, MPH, MBA, FACS
Chapter 34 Angle-Closure Glaucoma Due to Multiple Cysts of the Iris
and Ciliary Body Ian P. Conner, MD, PhD; Joel S.
Schuman, MD, FACS; and David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 35 Angle-Closure Glaucoma Secondary to Occlusion of the
Central Retinal Vein Malik Y. Kahook, MD and David L.
Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 36 Angle-Closure Glaucoma Secondary to Acute
Myopia Malik Y. Kahook, MD and David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
Acute Bilateral Transitory Myopia Associated With Open-Angle
Glaucoma: Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS
Chapter 37 Glaucoma After Penetrating Keratoplasty Mina
B. Pantcheva, MD; Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS; Malik Y. Kahook, MD;
and David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Section VI Combined Mechanisms
Chapter 38
Combined Open-Angle and Angle-Closure Glaucoma Joel S.
Schuman, MD, FACS and David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 39 Glaucoma in the Pseudophakic and Aphakic
Eye Ian P. Conner, MD, PhD; Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS;
and David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Glaucoma Surgery in Pseudophakia and Aphakia: A Historical
Perspective: R. Rand Allingham, MD
Chapter 40 Characteristically Unilateral Glaucomas: Differential
Diagnosis Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS; Malik Y. Kahook,
MD; and David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 41 Glaucoma Secondary to Intraocular
Tumors Sumit P. Shah, MD and Jay S. Duker, MD
Section VII Secondary Open-Angle
Glaucoma
Chapter 42 Glaucoma Due to Intraocular
Inflammation Zvia Burgansky-Eliash, MD; Guy Aharon
Weiss, MD; and R. Rand Allingham, MD
Chapter 43 Glaucoma Due to Trauma Carla I. Bourne, MD
and Bradford J. Shingleton, MD
Secondary Glaucoma in Black Patients: A Historical
Perspective: Morton F. Goldberg, MD
Iris Retraction Syndrome: Joel S. Schuman, MD,
FACS
Chapter 44 Corticosteroid Glaucoma Mina B. Pantcheva,
MD
Chapter 45 Hemolytic or Ghost-Cell Glaucoma David L.
Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 46 Glaucoma Associated With Extraocular Venous Congestion
(Increased Episcleral Venous Pressure) Ian P. Conner,
MD, PhD; Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS; and David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
Aqueous Humor Dynamics: A Trick Question: David L. Epstein,
MD, MMM
Chapter 47 Lens-Induced Glaucoma Ian P. Conner, MD,
PhD; Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS; and David L. Epstein, MD,
MMM
Understanding Lens-Induced Glaucomas: Ian P. Conner, MD, PhD
and David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Completely Dislocated Hypermature Cataract and Glaucoma: Ian
P. Conner, MD, PhD; Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS; and David L.
Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 48 Amyloidosis and Open-Angle Glaucoma David L.
Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 49 Glaucoma in the Phakomatoses Cynthia Mattox,
MD and Priti Batta, MD
Chapter 50 Juvenile Open-Angle Glaucoma Janey L. Wiggs,
MD, PhD
Section VIII Laser Methods in
Glaucoma
Chapter 51 Glaucoma Laser Surgery
Jeremy B. Wingard, MD and Joel S. Schuman, MD,
FACS
Chapter 52 Laser Trabeculoplasty Jeremy B. Wingard, MD
and Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS
Chapter 53 Laser Trabeculoplasty: How Does It
Work? Daniel Cotlear, MD; Shlomo Melamed, MD; and Modi
Goldenfeld, MD
How I Do Laser Trabeculopasty: Claudia U. Richter,
MD
Chapter 54 Post-Laser Elevation of Intraocular Pressure
Marshall N. Cyrlin, MD
Chapter 55 Laser Peripheral Iridotomy Lisa S. Gamell,
MD; Timothy Saunders, MD; and Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS
The Choice of Iridotomy Lens: Joel S. Schuman, MD,
FACS
Technique of Laser Iridotomy: Lisa S. Gamell, MD
Which Laser Should I Use?: Lisa S. Gamell, MD
One Technique for Laser Peripheral Iridotomy: Joel S. Schuman,
MD, FACS
Chapter 56 Cyclodestruction Mina B. Pantcheva, MD and
Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS
Chapter 57 Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty Lisa S. Gamell,
MD and Cristan M. Arena, MD
Practical Considerations for Argon Laser Peripheral
Iridoplasty: Lisa S. Gamell, MD
Personal Technique: Lisa S. Gamell, MD
Section IX Glaucoma Surgery
Chapter 58 What
to Say to Glaucoma Patients Prior to Filtration Surgery
Mahmoud A. Khaimi, MD
Chapter 59 Filtering Surgery in the Management of Glaucoma
Mahmoud A. Khaimi, MD and Marcos Reyes, MD
Antiproliferative Therapy for Filtration Surgery: Mahmoud A.
Khaimi, MD; Marcos Reyes, MD; and David A. Lee, MD, MS, MBA,
FACS, FARVO
Externalized Releasable Sutures in Filtering Surgery: Murray
A. Johnstone, MD and Annisa L. Jamil, MD
How to Handle Mitomycin C: David P. Tingey, BA, MD,
FRCSC
Chapter 60 Postoperative Management Following Filtration Surgery
Mahmoud A. Khaimi, MD and Marcos Reyes, MD
Performing a Choroidal Tap: R. Rand Allingham, MD
Treatment of Hypotonous Maculopathy: Mahmoud A. Khaimi, MD;
Marcos Reyes, MD; and R. Rand Allingham, MD
Chapter 61 The Management of Coexisting Cataract and Glaucoma
Carla I. Bourne, MD; Bradford J. Shingleton, MD; and
Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS
Chapter 62 Aqueous Shunting Procedures Sarwat Salim, MD,
FACS and Malik Y. Kahook, MD
Chapter 63 Cyclodialysis David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Mystery Diagnosis: David L. Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 64 Surgical Peripheral Iridectomy David L.
Epstein, MD, MMM
Chapter 65 Schlemm’s Canal Surgery for Glaucoma Management
Steven R. Sarkisian Jr, MD and Marcos Reyes,
MD
Chapter 66 Suprachoroidal Approach to Glaucoma Surgery
Ramesh S. Ayyala, MD, FRCS(E), FRCOphth(Lon); Farhan A.
Irshad, MD; and Iqbal “Ike” K. Ahmed, MD, FRCSC
Chapter 67 Treatment of Occludable Angles and Angle Closure With
Cataract Extraction Michael A. Alunni, MD and Garry P.
Condon, MD
Section X Diagnosis and Treatment of Glaucoma in
Children
Chapter 68 Pediatric
Glaucoma Richard W. Hertle, MD, FAAO, FACS,
FAAP
Chapter 69 Unusual Pediatric Glaucomas Vicki M. Chen, MD
and David S. Walton, MD
Section XI Special Considerations
Chapter 70
The Role of the Cornea in Managing Glaucoma Leon W.
Herndon Jr, MD
Chapter 71 Twenty-Four-Hour Intraocular Pressure Monitoring in
Glaucoma Brian J. Song, MD and Lama A. Al-Aswad,
MD
Chapter 72 The Role of Ocular Perfusion Pressure in the
Pathogenesis of Glaucoma Yvonne Ou, MD and Sanjay
Asrani, MD
Topical Medications and Ocular Perfusion Pressure: Yvonne Ou,
MD and Sanjay Asrani, MD
Chapter 73 Neuroprotection in Glaucoma Yvonne Ou, MD
and Stuart J. McKinnon, MD, PhD
Chapter 74 Adherence to Glaucoma Medical Therapy Lisa
S. Gamell, MD and Gretta Fridman, MD
What Do We Actually Do to Ensure Adherence?: Lisa S. Gamell,
MD
Chapter 75 Epidemiology of Glaucoma Michael B. Horsley,
MD and M. Roy Wilson, MD, MS
Financial Disclosures
Index
Malik Y. Kahook, MD is Professor of Ophthalmology and Director
of Clinical and Translational Research in the Department of
Ophthalmology at the University of Colorado. He also directs the
glaucoma service and glaucoma fellowship. Dr. Kahook specializes in
the medical and surgical treatment of glaucoma and cataracts. He is
active within the ophthalmology community, including memberships in
the American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Glaucoma Society,
American Society of Refractive and Cataract Surgeons, and the
Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Dr. Kahook
has authored more than 200 peer-reviewed manuscripts, abstracts,
and book chapters, and is editor of 4 textbooks, including
Essentials of Glaucoma Surgery (SLACK Incorporated). He is on the
editorial board of the American Journal of Ophthalmology and
International Glaucoma Review, among others. He was awarded an
American Glaucoma Society Clinician-Scientist Fellowship Award for
2007, as well as the American Glaucoma Society Compliance Grant for
2006, and was named New Inventor of the Year for the University of
Colorado in 2009 and Inventor of the Year for 2010. Dr. Kahook
received the American Academy of Ophthalmology Achievement Award in
2011. He has filed for more than 12 patents, several of which have
been licensed by companies for development and commercialization.
He currently serves as a consultant to the US Food and Drug
Administration’s Ophthalmic Device Division.
Dr. Kahook completed his residency training at the University of
Colorado, Rocky Mountain Lions Eye Institute in Denver, Colorado,
where he was named Chief Resident. He then went on to complete his
fellowship in glaucoma from the University of Pittsburgh Medical
Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS is the Eye and Ear Foundation
Professor and Chairman of Ophthalmology, the Eye and Ear Institute,
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Director of the
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Eye Center. He is
also Professor of Bioengineering at the Swanson School of
Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, and a Founder of the Louis
J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration of UPMC and the University of
Pittsburgh. He is a member of the McGowan Institute for
Regenerative Medicine and the Center for the Neural Basis of
Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University and University of Pittsburgh.
Dr. Schuman is a native of Roslyn, New York; he graduated from
Columbia University (BA, 1980) and Mt. Sinai School of Medicine
(MD, 1984). Following his internship at New York’s Beth Israel
Medical Center (1985), he completed residency training at Medical
College of Virginia (1988) and glaucoma fellowship at Massachusetts
Eye & Ear Infirmary (clinical 1989; research 1990), where he was a
Heed Fellow. After just over a year on the Harvard faculty, he
moved to the New England Medical Center, Tufts University, to
co-found the New England Eye Center in 1991, where he was Residency
Director and Glaucoma and Cataract Service Chief. In 1998, he
became Professor of Ophthalmology, and Vice Chair in 2001.
Dr. Schuman and his colleagues were the first to identify a
molecular marker for human glaucoma, as published in Nature
Medicine in 2001. He has been continuously funded by the National
Eye Institute as a principal investigator since 1995, is principal
investigator of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant to
study novel glaucoma diagnostics, and is co-investigator of NIH
grants for research into novel optical diagnostics and short pulse
laser surgery and for advanced imaging in glaucoma. He is an
inventor of optical coherence tomography (OCT), used world-wide for
ocular diagnostics. Dr. Schuman has published more than 250
peer-reviewed scientific journal articles, has authored or edited 8
books, and has contributed more than 50 book chapters.
In 2002, Dr. Schuman received the Alcon Research Institute Award,
as well as the New York Academy of Medicine’s Lewis Rudin Glaucoma
Prize. In 2003, he received the Senior Achievement Award from the
American Academy of Ophthalmology. In 2004, he was elected into the
American Society for Clinical Investigation. In 2006, he received
the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
Translational Research Award. He was elected to the American
Ophthalmological Society in 2008. He received a 2006-2009 American
Medical Association Physician’s Recognition Award with
Commendation. In 2010, he became a silver Fellow of ARVO. In 2011,
Dr. Schuman was the Clinician-Scientist Lecturer of the American
Glaucoma Society. In 2012, he received the Carnegie Science
Center’s Award in Life Sciences and was a co-recipient of the
Champalimaud Award.
“One of the more innovative aspects of the book is the use of case presentations at the end of many chapters from the authors’ own patient vignettes, demonstrating how they applied the information they present in the book to actual practice…Already one of my personal favorites, this is my go-to reference when teaching residents and medical students. Since glaucoma knowledge has advanced tremendously since the 1997 edition, this updated edition is much appreciated.” - Christopher B. Chambers, MD, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Doody’s Review Service
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