Table of Contents

FOREWORD xv


PREFACE xvii


CONTRIBUTORS xxi


PART I INTRODUCTION 1


1 Introduction 3

Kinji Mori


1.1 Factors of Research and Development (R&D) Approaches
5


1.2 R&D Approaches 7


1.3 Autonomous Decentralized System (ADS) Concept and Its
R&D 13


PART II CONCEPT CREATION 29


2 Challenges in Technology Education and System Development
in Software Ecosystem Environment 35

C. V. Ramamoorthy and Xiaodong Lu


2.1 Introduction 36


2.2 Importance of Education 37


2.3 Needs Engineering 39


2.4 Software Ecosystem 40


2.5 Summary and Conclusions 43


3 Concept-Oriented Research and Development from Social and
Cultural Perspectives 45

Katsuhiko Shirai


3.1 Introduction 46


3.2 R&D and Engineering Education 47


3.3 R&D and Systems Approach 48


3.4 R&D and Social Demand 49


3.5 Autonomous Decentralized System (ADS) Requirements 49


3.6 Concept Creation and Innovation 51


3.7 Conclusions 52


4 Roads to Smarter Cities 55

Colin Harrison


4.1 Introduction 55


4.2 IBM's Strategy 56


4.3 Use of Platform in the Deployment Phase 61


4.4 Smarter Cities 63


4.5 The Future 68


4.6 Conclusions 69


5 Advancing Knowledge and Evolving Society 71

Alfonso Fuggetta


5.1 Introduction 72


5.2 Research and Innovation 72


5.3 Innovation and Technology Transfer 79


5.4 The CEFRIEL Experience 83


5.5 Conclusions 86


PART III FUSION OF TECHNOLOGIES 89


6 Fusion of Technologies 93

Yinong Chen


6.1 Introduction 94


6.2 Hardware?Software Fusion 95


6.3 Computing and Communication 95


6.4 Virtual and Physical Reality 96


6.5 Service-Oriented Architecture 98


6.6 Mashup 100


6.7 Cloud Computing 102


6.8 Concept-Oriented System Development 105


6.9 Conclusion 106


7 Fusion of Computer and Communication 109

Hermann Kopetz


7.1 Introduction 110


7.2 Historical Perspective 110


7.3 System of Systems 112


7.4 Problem Solving 116


7.5 Role of Trust 119


7.6 Example: ATM Application 120


7.7 Conclusions 122


8 Future of Railway Signaling and Train Control 123

Tang Tao and Xun Jing


8.1 Introduction 124


8.2 History of Developments in the Train Control Industry
124


8.3 The Current Status of Communication-Based Train Control
(CBTC) 126


8.4 Future Trends in Train Control Technology 130


8.5 Conclusion 132


9 Fusion of Control Systems, Computers, and the Real World
135

Yasushi Fukunaga


9.1 Introduction 136


9.2 Reseach and Development in the "Chaos Era" 137


9.3 Birth and Development of the Computer Control System 139


9.4 New ICT System 140


9.5 Conclusion and Proposed Future Expansion 143


10 Fusion of Computer, Communication, and Control
Technologies: Needs and Strategies 147

Masayoshi Tomizuka


10.1 Introduction 148


10.2 Dynamic Systems and Control 148


10.3 Computers in Control Systems 151


10.4 Networked Control Systems 152


10.5 Communications in Robotics 153


10.6 Vehicle Applications 153


10.7 Cyberphysical Systems 155


10.8 National Science Foundation 155


10.9 Conclusions 156


PART IV GLOCALIZATION 159


11 Glocalization of the Market 161

Masaki Ogata


11.1 Introduction 161


11.2 The Term Glocalization 163


11.3 Concept Creation 167


11.4 Fusion of Technologies 167


11.5 Market Glocalization 167


11.6 Conclusion 170


12 Thinking Globally, Acting Locally and Thinking Locally,
Acting Globally 173

Cathy Lasser


12.1 Introduction 174


12.2 Transformation Framework 176


12.3 Value-Based Culture 177


12.4 Collaborative Innovation 178


12.5 A Smarter Planet: Collaboration and the Future of Work
179


12.6 Conclusion 181


13 Glocalization: Market Cultivation and the Future of
Standards 183

Richard Mark Soley


13.1 Introduction 184


13.2 Innovation 184


13.3 Standards 185


13.4 Market Ecosystem 187


13.5 Approaches to Developing Standards 188


13.6 Globalization 190


13.7 Glocalization 191


13.8 Successful Standards 192


13.9 Future of Standards 192


13.10 Smart Energy Grids 193


13.11 Conclusion 194


14 Smart Urban Infrastructure as an Enabler of the
Integration of Resident-Oriented Services 195

Yukio Toyoshima and Michinaga Kohno


14.1 Introduction 196


14.2 New Trends in Urban Development 196


14.3 Authors' Concept of Smart Cities 199


14.4 "Glocal" Deployment of Smart Cities 204


15 Summary of Market Glocalization 209

Masaki Ogata


15.1 Introduction 209


15.2 Organization 211


15.3 Standardization 213


15.4 Diversifi cation 215


15.5 Smart Grid 216


15.6 Conclusion 219


PART V CONCLUSION 221


16 Conclusions and Future Directions 223

Kinji Mori


INDEX 229

About the Author

KINJI MORI, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Green Computing Systems Research Organization at Waseda University, Japan and Professor Emeritus at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan in the Department of Computer Science. Previously, Dr. Mori worked at Hitachi as Chief Researcher. He is a Fellow of IEEE and IEICE. Dr. Mori is the pioneer of the concept-oriented research and development, and he proposed the Autonomous Decentralized Systems Concept and realized its concept-oriented technologies and applications. He founded the IEEE International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems. Dr. Mori holds more than 350 patents and has received the Special Distinguished Ichimura Award, the Japan Patent Award, and the Research Achievement Award in Japan, among others.