Table of Contents

Foreword Frank Hoffman Part I: Introduction: The Conduct of War in the 21st Century 1. Introduction, Rob Johnson, Tim Sweijs and Martijn Kitzen 2. Strategic Underperformance: The West and Three Decades of War, Frans Osinga Part II: New Strategies in the Conduct of Contemporary Warfare 3. Hybrid Warfare and Counter-Coercion, Rob Johnson 4. Strategies for Communicating Information and Disinformation in War: Managing and Exploiting Uncertainty in Social Media, Filippo Tansini and Yakov Ben Haim 5. Control from the Ground Up: Embedding Influence Activities in the Conduct of War, Rick Breekveldt and Martijn Kitzen Part III: New Technologies and their Impact on Warfare 6. Humans and Hardware: An Exploration of Blended Tactical Workflows using John Boyd’s OODA Loop, Dave Blair, Joseph O. Chapa, Scott Cuomo and Jules Hurst 7. Cyber Countermeasures for Democracies at War, Nori Katagiri Part IV: War from Above 8. Air Power 2010-2020: from Helmand to Hypersonics, Johnny Stringer 9. Armed Drones, Technological Momentum, and the Character of War, Johannes G. Postma Part V: War from the Ground Up 10. The Challenge of Territory-governing Insurgencies on War and Peace Strategies, Paula Cristina Roque 11. Security Force Assistance as a Preferred Form of 21st Century Warfare: The Unconventional Becomes the Conventional, Jahara Matisek and Ivor Wiltenberg 12. Learning and Forgetting Counterinsurgency, Martijn van der Vorm Part VI: Law and War 13. Fighting A War Without Violence: The Rules of International Humanitarian Law for Military Operations Below the Threshold of ‘Attack’, Bart van der Bosch 14. Cyber Operations and Targeting Rules, Raïssa van den Essen 15. Contemporary Urban Warfare: Does International Humanitarian Law offer Solutions?, Jeroen van den Boogaard 16. The Conduct of Lawfare: The Case of the Houthi Insurgency in the Yemeni Civil, Sandra de Jongh and Martijn Kitzen Part VII: Decision Making and War 17. Command in the Operational Dimension: Challenges of the Information Age, Rob Johnson 18. The Emotions of Adversarial Interaction, Lukas Milevski Part VIII: Conclusion: Lessons for Thinking About War 19. Conclusion: Assessing Change and Continuity in the Character of War, Tim Sweijs, Rob Johnson and Martijn Kitzen

About the Author

Rob Johnson is the Director of the Changing Character of War Research Centre at the University of Oxford, UK.

Martijn Kitzen is Associate Professor at the Netherlands Defence Academy, Breda.

Tim Sweijs is the Director of Research at The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies and a Senior Research Fellow at the Netherlands Defence Academy.