Table of Contents

Preface vii Part 1 Introduction 1 1 What is dental public health? 2 2 Health, oral health and their determinants 4 Part 2 Epidemiology 7 3 Basic epidemiology 8 4 Principles of measuring and recording oral disease and oral health 10 5 Epidemiology of dental caries 12 6 Epidemiology of periodontal disease. 14 7 Epidemiology of oral cancer 16 8 Epidemiology of malocclusion, non-carious tooth surface loss and traumatic dental injuries 18 9 National trends in oral health 20 10 International oral health 22 Part 3 Evidence-based dentistry 25 11 Study design 26 12 Case reports and cross-sectional studies 28 13 Case-control studies 30 14 Cohort studies 32 15 Randomized controlled trials 34 16 Randomized controlled trials II: Split mouth and cross-over studies 36 17 Systematic reviews and meta-analysis 38 18 Evidence-based dentistry and clinical guidelines 40 Part 4 Oral health promotion 43 19 Inequalities in oral health 44 20 Oral health education, oral health promotion and oral health improvement 46 21 Considerations in promoting oral health 48 22 Behaviour change 50 23 Strategies for improving oral health in populations 52 Part 5 Fluoride and oral health 55 24 Strategies for the delivery of fluoride in the prevention of dental caries 56 25 Toothpaste 58 26 Water fluoridation 60 27 Community fluoride schemes and fissure-sealant programmes 62 Part 6 Diet and oral health 65 28 Diet and oral health 66 29 Public health aspects of dietary modification 68 Part 7 Smoking and oral health 71 30 Smoking and oral health 72 31 Alternative ways in which tobacco is used and tobacco control 74 32 Smoking cessation 76 Part 8 Alcohol and oral health 79 33 Alcohol and oral health 80 Part 9 Assessing health needs 83 34 Assessing oral health needs on a population basis 84 35 The oral health needs of specific population groups 86 36 Screening and diagnostic tests 88 Part 10 Providing dental services 91 37 Health economics 92 38 How dental care is organized in the United Kingdom 94 39 Paying for dental care 96 40 Barriers to accessing dental care 98 41 Migration, race and ethnicity 100 42 Skill mix in dentistry 102 43 A vision for the future delivery of dental care 104 Part 11 Qualty assurance of dental care 107 44 Quality dental care 108 45 Clinical audit 110 46 Regulatory bodies and patient complaints 112 Part 12 A career in dental public health 115 47 A career in dental public health 116 48 Useful references and further reading 117 Index 119

About the Author

Ivor G. Chestnutt is Professor and Honorary Consultant in Dental Public Health and Associate Dean for Postgraduate Studies at the School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, UK. Ivor is registered as a Specialist in Dental Public Health with the General Dental Council. He has been involved in dental public health research and teaching for nearly 25 years and is widely published on the subject.