Table of Contents

Acknowledgements.

Introduction.

Part I: Current Work.

1. High-Level and Low-Level Synthesis.

2. Low-Level Synthesisers: Current Status.

3. Text-To-Speech.

4. Different Low-Level Synthesisers: What Can Be Expected?

5. Low-Level Synthesis Potential.

Part II: A New Direction for Speech Synthesis.

6. A View of Naturalness.

7. Physical Parameters and Abstract Information Channels.

8. Variability and System Integrity.

9. Automatic Speech Recognition.

Part III: High-Level Control.

10. The Need for High-Level Control.

11. The Input to High-Level Control.

12. Problems for Automatic Text Markup.

Part IV: Areas for Improvement.

13. Filling Gaps.

14. Using Different Units.

15. Waveform Concatenation Systems: Naturalness and Large Databases.

16. Unit Selection Systems.

Part V: Markup.

17. VoiceXML.

18. Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML).

19. SABLE.

20. The Need for Prosodic Markup.

Part VI: Strengthening the High-Level Model.

21. Speech.

22. Basic Concepts.

23. Underlying Basic Disciplines: Expression Studies.

24. Labelling Expressive/Emotive Content.

25. The Proposed Model.

26. Types of Model.

Part VII: Expanded Static and Dynamic Modelling.

27. The Underlying Linguistics System.

28. Planes for Synthesis.

Part VIII: The Prosodic Framework, Coding and Intonation.

29. The Phonological Prosodic Framework.

30. Sample Code.

31. XML Coding.

32. Prosody: General.

33. Phonological and Phonetic Models of Intonation.

Part IX: Approaches to Natural-Sounding Synthesis.

34. The General Approach.

35. The Expression Wrapper in XML.

36. Advantages of XML in Wrapping.

37. Considerations in Characterising Expression/Emotion.

38. Summary.

Part X: Concluding Overview.

References.

Author Index.

Index.

About the Author

Mark Tatham is the author of Developments in Speech Synthesis, published by Wiley.

Katherine Morton is the author of Developments in Speech Synthesis, published by Wiley.