Table of Contents

1 What is echo?

2 Valves

3 Doppler - velocities and pressures

4 Heart failure, myocardium and pericardium

5 Transoesophageal, 3-D and stress echo and other echo techniques

6 Cardiac masses, infection, congenital abnormalities and aorta

7 Special situations and conditions

8 Performing and reporting an echo

About the Author

Sam Kaddoura, BSc(Hons), BMBCh(Oxon), PhD, DIC, FRCP, FESC, FACC, is currently a Consultant Cardiologist at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital and Royal Brompton Hospital, London. He is also an Honorary Consultant Cardiologist at the Royal Hospital Chelsea, London as well as an Honorary Senior Lecturer, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK. Dr Kaddoura trained at the University of Oxford, the University of London and in the USA. He has extensive clinical training in Cardiology and holds a PhD in cardiovascular research. Dr Kaddoura specializes in all aspects of general adult cardiology, but his passion lies in the field of echocardiography for which he is known internationally. He was an associate editor for the European Heart Journal, a university examiner and an educational supervisor for medical students and doctors. So he has plenty of experience with working with our primary audience. He has also published in the Lancet, Circulation, New England Journal of Medicine as well as being a part of the cardiovascular disease pathways working group at the Royal College of Physicians and on working groups for the European Society of Cardiology.