Dedication
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Contributing Authors
Introduction
Chapter 1 Construction of Clinical Questions
Chapter 2 Types of Research Design
Chapter 3 Searching the Literature for Evidence
Chapter 4 Foundations of Research and Statistics
Chapter 5 Introduction to Critical Appraisal
Chapter 6 Selection and Assignment of Participants
Chapter 7 Concepts of Validity
Chapter 8 Measures of Reliability
Chapter 9 Diagnostic Accuracy
Chapter 10 Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation
Chapter 11 Scales and Checklists for Critical Appraisal
Chapter 12 Application of Critical Appraisal
Chapter 13 Clinical Prediction Rules
Chapter 14 Epidemiological Measures
Chapter 15 Disablement Models
Chapter 16 Patient-Oriented Outcomes Assessments
Chapter 17 Considerations for Selecting Patient-Rated Outcome
Measures
Chapter 18 Health Care Informatics
Glossary
Financial Disclosures
Index
Bonnie L. Van Lunen, PhD, ATC, FNATA serves as the Director of the
Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education
Accredited Post-Professional Athletic Training Program and is the
Chair of the School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training at
Old Dominion University (Norfolk, Virginia). She received her
bachelor of science degree in physical education with a
specialization in athletic training from Castleton State College
(Castleton, Vermont) in 1990 and her master of education degree in
athletic training from the University of Virginia (Charlottesville,
Virginia) in 1991. In addition, she received her doctor of
philosophy degree in sports medicine from the University of
Virginia in 1998. Her primary area of research interest is in
outcomes related to competency development and implementation. Dr.
Van Lunen has served in various capacities on committees for the
National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) and the Commission
on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education throughout her
career. She serves on numerous editorial boards, publishes
frequently in athletic training and sports medicine journals, and
is a NATA Fellow. She was awarded the NATA Distinguished Educator
Award in 2014 and the NATA Service Award in 2012. She resides in
the Outer Banks of North Carolina with her husband, John, daughter,
Alivian, and sons, Brady and Cameron.
Dorice A. Hankemeier, PhD, ATC is an Assistant Professor of
Athletic Training in the School of Physical Education and Exercise
Science at Ball State University (Muncie, Indiana). Dr. Hankemeier
earned her bachelor of arts degree in exercise science with a
concentration in athletic training from Central College (Pella,
Iowa), and her master of science degree in education with an
emphasis in athletic training from Old Dominion University
(Norfolk, Virginia). After obtaining her degree, she served as an
Athletic Trainer and Clinical Education Coordinator at Anderson
University (Anderson, Indiana). Dr. Hankemeier then returned to Old
Dominion University to obtain her doctorate in human movement
science with an emphasis in athletic training curriculum and
instruction. Her research focused on the implementation of
evidence-based practice in the clinical education setting.
Currently, Dr. Hankemeier serves as the Clinical Education
Coordinator at Ball State University. She serves as a Site Visitor
for the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education,
is a manuscript reviewer for several journals, and is a member of
the Great Lakes Athletic Trainers Association Education Committee.
She was awarded the National Athletic Trainers’ Association
Research & Educational Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Award in
2013. Dr. Hankemeier’s research interests focus on promoting
evidence-based practice in athletic training and investigating
educational outcomes of athletic training programs.
Cailee E. Welch, PhD, ATC is an Assistant Professor of Athletic
Training within the Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences
at A.T. Still University (Mesa, Arizona). Dr. Welch earned her
bachelor of science degree in Athletic Training from Boston
University (Boston, Massachusetts), followed by a master of science
in education degree in athletic training from Old Dominion
University (Norfolk, Virginia). She also earned her doctorate in
human movement science with a special focus in athletic training
curriculum and instruction from Old Dominion University, where she
investigated the effectiveness of educational techniques to aid
athletic trainers in learning the fundamentals of evidence-based
practice. While at Old Dominion University, Dr. Welch served as an
instructor for several undergraduate courses within the Health and
Physical Education and Exercise Science Departments and was a
teaching fellow for numerous courses with the Post-Professional
Athletic Training Program. Recently, Dr. Welch completed a
postdoctoral research fellowship in the Center for Clinical Outcome
Studies at A.T. Still University. As a part of her postdoctoral
fellowship, Dr. Welch assisted with clinical outcomes and
evidence-based practice courses within the Post-Professional
Athletic Training Program. Currently, she serves as the Clinical
Practice Site Coordinator within the Athletic Training
Practice-Based Research Network, which includes conducting the
education and training for athletic trainers across the country.
Additionally, Dr. Welch currently serves on the Commission on
Accreditation of Athletic Training Education Post-Professional
Annual Report Committee and the Board of Certification
Evidence-Based Practice Review Panel and is the Managing Editor for
the Clinical Bottom Line in the National Athletic Trainers’
Association News. Dr. Welch’s research agenda focuses on health
care professional education and practice interventions to enhance
clinical practice behaviors. Specifically, she is interested in
assessing athletic training educational outcomes and identifying
interventions to promote concussion education and enhance
concussion management practices.
“The information is well documented and the book is written in a
way the enables readers to understand the subject at a high level.
The references are valuable and unique…This book not only will help
athletic trainers decide among differential diagnoses for their
patients, it also will help with establishing credibility in our
practice. This is a much-needed book in a long-overdue area of
focus in athletic training.”
- Ernest G. Eugene, MS, BS, Virginia Tech, Doody’s Book Review
Service
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