Table of Contents

Preface
Larry W. Esposito, Ellen R. Stofan, and Thomas E. Cravens vii

Exploring Venus: Major Scientific Issues and Directions
Larry W. Esposito, Ellen R. Stofan, and Thomas E. Cravens 1

Geochemistry of Venus’ Surface: Current Limitations as Future Opportunities
Allan H. Treiman 7

Surface Evolution of Venus
Alexander T. Basilevsky and George E. McGill 23

Tectonic and Thermal Evolution of Venus and the Role of Volatiles: Implications for Understanding the Terrestrial Planets
Suzanne E. Smrekar, Linda Elkins-Tanton, Johannes J. Leitner, Adrian Lenardic, Steve Mackwell, Louis Moresi, Christophe Sotin, and Ellen R. Stofan 45

Atmospheric Composition, Chemistry, and Clouds
Franklin P. Mills, Larry W. Esposito, and Yuk L. Yung 73

Venus Atmosphere Dynamics: A Continuing Enigma
G. Schubert, S. W. Bougher, C. C. Covey, A. D. Del Genio, A. S. Grossman, J. L. Hollingsworth, S. S. Limaye, and R. E. Young 101

Radiation in the Atmosphere of Venus
Dmitry V. Titov, Mark A. Bullock, David Crisp, Nilton O. Renno, Fredric W. Taylor, and Ljudmilla V. Zasova 121

Venus Upper Atmosphere and Plasma Environment: Critical Issues for Future Exploration
C. T. Russell, J. G. Luhmann, T. E. Cravens, A. F. Nagy, and R. J. Strangeway 139

Venus Express and Terrestrial Planet Climatology
Fredric W. Taylor, Håkan Svedhem, and Dmitri M. Titov 157

Experiencing Venus: Clues to the Origin, Evolution, and Chemistry of Terrestrial Planets via In-Situ Exploration of our Sister World
Kevin H. Baines, Sushil K. Atreya, Robert W. Carlson, David Crisp, David Grinspoon, Christopher T. Russell, Gerald Schubert, and Kevin Zahnle 171

Astrobiology and Venus Exploration
David H. Grinspoon and Mark A. Bullock 191

Technology Perspectives in the Future Exploration of Venus
James A. Cutts, Tibor S. Balint, Eric Chassefiere, and Elizabeth A. Kolawa 207

About the Author

Larry W. Esposito is an American planetary astronomer and a professor at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder. A 1973 graduate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Esposito received his Ph.D in astronomy at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Ellen Renee Stofan is the former Chief Scientist of NASA and served as principal advisor to NASA Administrator Charles Bolden on the agency's science programs, planning and investments. She resigned from NASA in December 2016.