Part A: Technical background.
1. The source of the EEG. 1.1 The generator of the EEG. 1.2
Rhythmical EEG activity. 1.3 Recording of electrical potentials
with scalp electrodes. 2. Recording electrodes. 2.1 Electrode
shapes and application methods. 2.2 Electrical properties of
recording electrodes. 2.3 Electrode placement. 2.4 Recording
non-cerebral potentials. 3. Digital and analog EEG instruments:
parts and functions. Introduction. 3.1 The electrode panel. 3.2.
Analog EEG instrument input selector switches. 3.3 Analog and
digital calibration. 3.4 Amplifiers. 3.5 Filters. 3.6 Analog
writing units. 3.7 Analog to digital conversion. 3.8 The signal
display. 3.9 Digital filtering. 3.10 Digital montage selection and
montage reformatting. 3.11 Digital data storage and transmission.
3.12 Electrical safety. 4. Spatial analysis of the EEG. 4.1
Multichannel recordings. 4.2 Bipolar montages. 4.3 Common electrode
reference montages. 4.4 Average reference montages. 4.5 Weighted
average montages. 4.6 Laplacian montages. 4.7 Source localization.
4.8 Montage display and design. 4.9 Analysis of the topography of
the EEG voltage field. 4.10 Summary. 5. The product of the
recording: the clinical EEG record. 5.1 General technical
standards. 5.2 Standards for pediatric recordings. 5.3 Standards
for recordings in cases of suspected cerebral death. 5.4 Telephone
transmission. 6. Artifacts. 6.1 Artifacts from the patient. 6.2
Interference. 6.3 Artifacts arising from recording electrodes and
equipment. 7. Special methods of analysis and recording. 7.1
Quantitative EEG analysis. 7.2 Topographic mapping. 7.3 Automated
event detection. 7.4 Intraoperative and intensive care unit
monitoring. 7.5 Ambulatory EEG recording. 7.6 EEG recording with
simultaneous video monitoring.
Part B: The normal EEG.
8. Definition of the normal EEG, relation to brain function. 8.1
Definition of the normal EEG. 8.2 A normal EEG does not always mean
normal brain function. 8.3 An abnormal EEG does not necessarily
mean clinically abnormal brain function. 9. Descriptors of EEG
activity. 9.1 Waveform. 9.2 Repetition. 9.3 Frequency. 9.4
Amplitude. 9.5 Distribution. 9.6. Phase relation. 9.7 Timing. 9.8
Persistence. 9.9 Reactivity. 10. The normal EEG from premature age
to the age of 19 years. 10.1 Neonatal EEG. 10.2 Infants from full
term to 3 months of age. 10.3 Infants from 3 months to 12 months of
age. 10.4 Children and adolescents from 1 to 19 years of age. 11.
The normal EEG of wakeful resting adults of 20-60 years of age.
11.1 The alpha rhythm. 11.2 Beta rhythms. 11.3 Mu rhythm. 11.4
Lambda waves. 11.5 Vertex sharp transients (V waves). 11.6 Kappa
rhythm. 11.7 Normal posterior theta rhythms. 11.8 The low voltage
EEG. 11.9 Major abnormalities. 12. The normal sleep EEG of adults
over 20 years. 12.1 Elements of normal sleep activity. 12.2 Sleep
stages. 12.3 Sleep cycles. 12.4 Deviations from normal sleep. 13.
The normal EEG of adults over 60 years of age. 13.1 Alpha rhythm.
13.2 Beta rhythm. 13.3 Sporadic generalized slow waves. 13.4
Intermittent temporal slow waves. 13.5 Sleep. 13.6 Major
abnormalities. 14. Activation procedures. 14.1 Hyperventilation.
14.2 Sleep. 14.3 Photic stimulation. 14.4 Other stimuli. 14.5
Pentylenetetrazol, bemegride and other convulsant drugs.
Part C: The abnormal EEG.
15. Abnormal EEG patterns, correlation with underlying cerebral
lesions and neurological diseases. 15.1 Definition of the abnormal
EEG. 15.2 Correlation between abnormal EEG patterns, general
cerebral pathology and specific neurological diseases. 15.3 The
diagnostic value of the EEG. 16. Classification of seizures. 16.1
Definitions. 16.2 Classification of seizures - general. 16.3
Classification of seizures - specific. 16.4 Seizure classification
and epilepsy syndrome diagnosis. 17. Localized epileptiform
patterns. 17.1 Description of patterns. 17.2 Clinical significance
of focal epileptiform activity. 17.3 Other EEG abnormalities
associated with focal epileptiform activity. 17.4 Mechanisms
underlying focal epileptiform activity. 17.5 Specific disorders
causing focal epileptiform activity. 18. Generalized epileptiform
patterns. 18.1 Description of patterns. 18.2 Clinical significance
of generalized epileptiform activity. 18.3 Other EEG abnormalities
associated with generalized epileptiform activity. 18.4 Mechanisms
underlying generalized epileptiform activity. 18.5 Specific
disorders causing generalized epileptiform activity. 19.
Electrographic seizure patterns, pseudoperiodic patterns, and
pseudoepileptiform patterns. 19.1 Neonatal seizures. 19.2 The
infantile and juvenile patterns of hypsarrhythmia,
slow-spike-and-wave discharges and multifocal independent spikes.
19.3 Pseudoperiodic patterns. 19.4 Ictal patterns without spikes
and sharp waves. 19.5 Epileptiform patterns without proven relation
to seizures ('pseudoepileptiform patterns'). 20. Localized slow
waves. 20.1 Description of pattern. 20.2 Clinical significance of
focal slow waves. 20.3 Other EEG abnormalities associated with
focal slow waves. 20.4 Mechanisms causing focal slow waves. 20.5
Specific disorders causing focal slow waves. 21. Generalized
asynchronous slow waves. 21.1 Description of pattern. 21.2 General
clinical significance of generalized asynchronous slow waves. 21.3
Other EEG abnormalities associated with generalized asynchronous
slow waves. 21.4 Mechanisms causing generalized asynchronous slow
waves. 21.5 Specific disorders causing generalized asynchronous
slow waves. 22. Bilaterally synchronous slow waves. 22.1
Description of pattern. 22.2 Clinical significance of bisynchronous
slow waves. 22.3 Other EEG abnormalities associated with
bisynchronous slow waves. 22.4 Mechanisms causing bisynchronous
slow waves. 22.5 Specific disorders causing bilaterally synchronous
slow waves. 23. Localized and lateralized changes of amplitude:
asymmetries. 23.1 Description of pattern. 23.2 Clinical
significance of asymmetries. 23.3 Other abnormalities associated
with asymmetries. 23.4 Mechanisms causing local changes of
amplitude. 23.5 Specific disorders causing asymmetries of
amplitude. 23.6 Asymmetries of alpha, beta, mu and other rhythms.
24. Generalized changes of amplitude: symmetrically high and low
amplitude. 24.1 Description of patterns. 24.2 Clinical significance
of high and low amplitude. 24.3 Other EEG abnormalities associated
with high and low amplitude. 24.4 Mechanisms causing generalized
changes of amplitude. 24.5 Specific disorders causing a generalized
decrease of amplitude of all types of activity. 24.6 Generalized
decrease or absence of alpha rhythm. 24.7 Generalized increase of
beta rhythm. 24.8 Changes of amplitude of sleep patterns. 25.
Deviations from normal patterns. 25.1 Abnormal frequency of the
alpha rhythm. 25.2 Abnormal reactivity of the alpha rhythm. 25.3
Rhythmical activity of theta, alpha and beta frequency in coma and
reactivity in coma. 25.4 Abnormal timing and incidence of sleep
patterns. 25.5 Immature patterns. 26. The EEG report. 26.1
Description of the record. 26.2 EEG summary impression. 26.3
Clinical correlation.
Appendix I. A glossary of terms most commonly used by clinical
electroencephalographers. Appendix II. American Clinical
Neurophysiology Society recording guidelines. Report of the
Committee on Infectious Diseases. Appendix III. Clinical and
electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures:
definition of terms.
Subject Index.
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