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Preface xiii
Contributors xv
Acknowledgments xix
Chapter 1 The Integrated Building Design Process 1
What Is Integrated Building Design? 1
The Process 1
The Focus Areas: Energy, Resources, and Indoor Environment 6
Chapter 2 A History of the Environmental Movements 15
Roots 15
Grassroots Movements 17
The Industrial Revolution 19
The Modern Chemical Revolution 20
Twin Tracks of Environmentalism: Conservation and Preservation Movements 21
The Ecology Movement 24
Chapter 3 International Conferences and Treaties 27
The Club of Rome 30
The International Conferences 31
After Kyoto 35
Chapter 4 The Emergence of Green Building and Green Building Policy 39
Defining Green Building 40
The Roots of Green Building 42
Environmental Toll 43
Green Building Today 44
The History of U.S. Energy Policy 46
Green Building Codes in the United States 49
The Road to Green Codes 51
In Summary 53
Chapter 5 Chemicals in the Environment, Buildings, and Humans 55
Emission, Transmission, Deposition, and Immission 55
Pathways of Transmission 61
The Right to Know: Chemical Transparency 63
Green Chemistry and Building Materials 72
Rethinking Building Systems 73
Air Systems 74
Chapter 6 Fundamentals of Indoor Air Quality 79
Leon
Alevantis, MS, PE, LEED AP
Why Is Good IAQ Important? 79
Contributors to IAQ 80
Types of Indoor Pollutants 81
Pushing the Envelope for IAQ Design 84
Chapter 7 Indoor Environmental Quality Issues 93
What Is IEQ? 93
Other IEQ Issues 103
Benefits of Good IEQ 104
Chapter 8 How Buildings Use Energy 107
Energy in the Life Cycle of a Building 107
Evolution of Buildings and Its Impact on Energy Consumption 107
Operating Energy Use Patterns 110
Heat and Heat Transfer Modes 111
Climate and Weather 114
Traditional Design Response to Climate 118
Occupant Needs 118
Conclusion 123
Chapter 9 Reducing Energy Loads 125
Predesign: Site Selection, Building Size, and Transportation 126
Site Analysis 126
Massing and Orientation 128
Building Envelope 128
Lighting 138
Plug Loads 141
Passive Design 142
Case Study: School in Damascus, Syria 149
Chapter 10 Energy-Efficient HVAC Systems 155
Central versus Decentralized Systems 156
Decentralized Systems 156
Central Heating and Cooling Systems 159
HVAC Controls 165
Domestic Hot Water 167
Thermal Zoning and Impact of Architectural Design 167
Preliminary Design Guidelines 168
Chapter 11 Energy Modeling and Measurement 171
Metrics for Energy 171
Site Energy and Source Energy 172
Metering, Submetering, and Benchmarking 173
Energy Modeling 176
Energy Modeling Tools 180
Using Modeling to Drive Integrated Cost Estimation 183
Chapter 12 Net Zero Energy and Renewable Energy Systems 187
NZE Definitions 187
On-site Renewable Energy Generation 188
NZE Technical Potential 193
NZEB Design Issues 194
NZE at Community Scale 196
Utility Grid and Distributed Generation 196
NZE in Policy 198
Case Studies 199
Chapter 13 Climate Change and Resilience 207
The Science 208
Chapter 14 How Buildings Use Resources 223
What Are Natural Resources? 223
Chapter 15 Materials Selection and Product Certification 239
The Benefits of Healthy Skepticism 239
Materials Have Multiple Impacts 240
The Bases for Materials Selection 240
Making Contact with Technical Staff 244
Environmental Product Declarations 244
Emissions Testing 245
Product Certification, Rating, or Label 246
Tools: Putting It Together 250
Chapter 16 How Built Landscapes and Buildings Contribute to Water Quality and Conservation 259
Jamie Phillips and Kevin Conger, CMG Landscape Architecture
The Urban Watershed: Watershed Function 259
National Water Policy 260
Pollutants of Concern in the Landscape 261
Urban Stormwater Management: Low‐Impact Design 263
Site Design: Primary Goals 263
Preservation and Protection of Creeks, Wetlands, and Existing Vegetation 263
Treatment Control BMPs 264
Water Conservation in the Landscape 269
Water Use and Energy Use in Buildings 270
Chapter 17 Sustainable Neighborhoods and Communities 275
Aaron Welch, Saneta deVuono-Powell, and Matt Raimi, Raimi + Associates
What Are Sustainable Communities? 275
A Brief History of Sustainable Planning 276
History of Conventional Development 276
Components of Sustainable City Planning 287
Conclusion 301
Chapter 18 Rating Systems and Practice Tools 303
What Is a Rating or Certification System? 303
Living Building Challenge Mission 309
The WELL Building Standard by Delos 310
Regional Systems 312
Ed Mazria and the 2030 Challenge 315
Practice Tools that Drive the Rating System 316
Chapter 19 Life-Cycle Assessment 321
Definitions 322
Standards and Methodology 323
Components 324
Chapter 20 Waste Management and the Building Industry 337
Waste Impacts 338
Waste Cycles 339
Defining Waste 340
Waste Streams 340
Hospital Waste 341
Integrated Waste Management 342
Benefits of Construction Waste Management 343
Green Demolition 344
Incineration 346
Waste to Fuel 346
Best Practices 346
Diversion 348
Design for Disassembly 348
Construction Waste Management Plans 350
Other Job‐Site Waste Strategies 350
Zero Waste 353
Glossary 357
Index 363
MARIAN KEELER, ASSOCIATE AIA, LEED AP, is a San Francisco-based green building consultant, formerly with Simon & Associates, and a specialist on healthful building materials.
PRASAD VAIDYA, LEED AP, is a Professor and Area Chair for Building Energy Performance at CEPT University in India, and Director at zenerG, a San Francisco-based consultancy that specializes in projects, programs, and policies toward sustainable net-zero-energy solutions.
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