Climate & Atmosphere
Atmospheric Energy Balance
Atmospheric Stability
Atmospheric Stability and Saturation Control
Coriolis Effect
Earth-Sun Relations
El Niño and La Niña
Global Warming
Global Wind Patterns with Hadley Cells
Orbital Variations and Climate Change
Ozone Depletion
Water Phase Changes
Weather
Cyclones and Anticyclones
Cold Fronts and Warm Fronts
Hurricane Wind Patterns
Jet Stream and Rossby Waves
Midlatitude Cyclones
Tornado Wind Patterns
Wind Pattern Development
Hydrology
Cones of Depression
Earth’s Water and the Hydrologic Cycle
Water Table Formation
Biomes & Ecosystems
Biological Productivity in Midlatitude Oceans
Daily Movement of the Deep Scattering Layer
Earth’s Interior
Lava Lamp Convection
Flipping of Earth's Magnetic Field
How Seismic Waves Reveal Earth’s Internal Layers
Inclination and Declination
Mantle and Core Dimensions
Seismic Wave Motion with Surface Effects
Seismic Wave Motion
Seismographs
Wave reflection and Refraction
Age of Earth
Angular Unconformities, Nonconformities, and Disconformities
Kelvin Calculation of Earth’s Age
Radioactive Decay
Relative Geologic Dating
Earth’s Materials
Calcareous Ooze and the Calcite Compensation Depth
Cross-Bedding
Dry Compaction and Liquefaction
Foliation of Metamorphic Rock
Foliation Processes
Fractional Crystallization
Igneous Features and Landforms
Mantle Melting and Pressure-Temperature Graphs
Shoreline and Sedimentation Changes
Turbidity Currents and the Formation of Graded Bedding
Tuttle and Bowen’s Data
Earthquakes
Dry Compaction and Liquefaction
Elastic Rebound
Seismic Wave Motion with Surface Effects
Seismic Wave Motion
Seismographs
Shoreline and Sedimentation Changes
Tsunami
Erosion and Weathering
Erosion of Deformed Sedimentary
Rock
Exposing Metamorphic Rock
Physical Weathering
Mass Movement
Dry Compaction and Liquefaction
Mass Movements: Five Main Types
Mass Movements: Uplift and Mass Movement
Mount St. Helens, Washington: Debris Avalanche and Eruption
Tectonics and Structure
Convection and Tectonics
Convergent Margins: India-Asia Collision
Divergent Boundary Formation
Faults
Folds
Global Geography Through Geologic Time
Mantle Melting and Plate Tectonics
Motion at Plate Boundaries
Pangea Breakup
Plate Boundary Features
Relative and Absolute Motion
Seafloor Spreading and Magnetization
Seafloor Spreading and Plate Boundaries
Stress and Strain Graphs
Tectonic Settings and Volcanic Activity
Terrane Formation
Transform Faults
Volcanoes
Caldera Formation
Caldera Formation: Crater Lake
Hot Spot Volcano Tracks
Magma Rising from the Mantle
Mt. St. Helen's
Tectonic Settings and Volcanic Activity
Volcano Types
Ocean and Coastal Systems
Beach Drift and Longshore Currents
Biological Productivity in Midlatitude Oceans
Calcareous Ooze and the Calcite Compensation Depth
Coastal Stabilization Structures
Daily Movement of the Deep Scattering Layer
Ekman Spiral Coastal Upwelling/Downwelling
El Niño and La Niña
Movement of Barrier Island in Response to Rising Sea
Movement of Sand in a Beach Compartment
Ocean Circulation
Seamounts/Tablemounts and Coral Reef Stages
Shoreline and Sedimentation Changes
Sonar and Echolocation
Summertime/Wintertime Beach Conditions
Tidal Cycle
Tidal Patterns
Tsunami
Turbidity Currents and the Formation of Graded Bedding
Wave Interference
Wave Interference with 3D Visualization
Wave Motion and Wave Refraction
Wave Properties
Fluvial Systems
Natural Levee Development with Flooding
Sediment Transport by Streams
Stream Processes: Floodplain Development
Stream Processes: Oxbow Lakes
Stream Processes: Oxbow Lakes and Floodplain Development
Stream Terrace Formation
Glacial Systems
Glacial Advance and Retreat
Glacial Isostasy
Glacial Processes
Eolian Systems
Cross Bedding
Sediment Transport by Wind
Solar System Formation
Nebular Hypothesis of Solar System Formation
Robert W. Christopherson attended California State
University—Chico for undergraduate work and received his Masters in
Geography from Miami University, Oxford, Ohio. He joined the
American River College faculty in 1970, where he founded the
geography program. From 1970 to 1999 he taught such courses
as physical and cultural geography, weather and climate, humans and
the environment, and humans in the urban environment, and is
currently Professor Emeritus.
Robert Christopherson is the recipient of numerous awards,
including: the Patrons Chair and Student Association Teacher of the
Year Awards at his college, the 1999 Distinguished Teaching
Achievement Award from the National Council for Geographic
Education, the 1998 Textbook Award for Geosystems, 3/E from the
Text and Academic Authors Association, the California Geographical
Society’s 1997 Outstanding Educator Award, and, most recently, the
2005 President's Award and 2005 Textbook Award for Elemental
Geosystems, 4/E from the Text and Academic Authors Association.
Robert presented in seminar, television and radio, and research
papers on topics such as the physical geography of the polar
regions, global climate change, energy issues, and environmental
awareness. He and his professional photographer wife
completed five polar expeditions; they attended the 2004 Arctic
Climate Impact Symposium in Reykjavik, Iceland to gain photo and
video coverage as well as research for Geosystems and Elemental
Geosystems. Robert's wife has provided more than 300 exclusive
photos for each of these texts.
Darrel Hess began teaching geography at City College of San
Francisco in 1990 and served as chair of the Earth Sciences
Department from 1995 to 2009. After earning his bachelor’s degree
in geography at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1978, he
served for two years as a teacher in the Peace Corps on the Korean
island of Chejudo. Upon returning to the United States, he worked
as a writer, photographer, and audiovisual producer. His
association with Tom McKnight began as a graduate student at UCLA,
where he served as one of Tom’s teaching assistants. Their
professional collaboration developed after Darrel graduated from
UCLA with a master’s degree in geography in 1990. He first wrote
the Study Guide that accompanied the fourth edition of Physical
Geography: A Landscape Appreciation, and then the Laboratory Manual
that accompanied the fifth edition. Darrel has been authoring both
works ever since. In 1999 Tom asked Darrel to join him as coauthor
of the textbook. As did Tom, Darrel greatly enjoys the outdoor
world.
Fred Lutgens and Ed Tarbuck have been good
friends and colleagues since 1970. Between them, they have
more than 57 years of experience teaching geology to
undergraduates, and both have been recognized with awards as
excellent and inspiring professors. They share a special
interest in introducing geology to beginning students and a belief
in the value of field experiences for students of all levels.
Lutgens and Tarbuck published their first college text, Earth
Science, in 1976. That book, winner of the McGuffy Award from
the Text and Academic Authors Association, is now going into its
tenth edition. In 1983, as the first edition of Earth was
being prepared, gifted geology illustrator Dennis Tasa joined the
author team. Since then the three have collaborated on more
than twenty projects. Not only do Tarbuck, Lutgens, and Tasa
work well together creatively; they also enjoy spending time in the
Sangre de Cristo Mountains near Tasa’s New Mexico studio.
Tarbuck enjoys downhill skiing in Colorado, fly fishing near his
childhood home in Northern Minnesota, and spending time in the
Cascades. Lutgens is an avid runner, and when he can make the
time, truly enjoys hiking the canyons of the Colorado
Plateau. Although Lutgens and Tarbuck think alike on many
issues, they don’t agree on everything. Lutgens is devoted to
jazz and classical music, whereas Tarbuck prefers pop artists or a
good country station.
Gary A. Smith is a Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences
at the University of New Mexico and Fellow of the Geological
Society of America. He has an undergraduate geology degree with a
specialty in geophysics from Bowling Green State University and a
Ph.D. in geology from Oregon State University. Gary has strong
interests in science education through his membership in the
National Association of Geoscience Teachers and the National
Science Teachers Association, and as Director of the Office of
Support for Effective Teaching, the faculty development center at
the University of New Mexico.
Aurora Pun is a Lecturer in the Department of Earth and
Planetary Sciences at the University of New Mexico. She holds an
undergraduate degree in paleontology from the University of
California, Berkeley and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Geology from the
University of New Mexico, Institute of Meteoritics. Aurora has
taught physical geology for over 14 years. Also a member of the
National Association of Geoscience Teachers, Aurora has taught a
course for teachers on developing inquiry-based K-12 curricula in
the earth and space sciences.
Alan P. Trujillo teaches at Palomar Community College in San
Marcos, CA, where he is co-Director of the Oceanography Program and
Chair of the Earth Sciences Department. He received his
bachelor’s degree in geology from the University of California at
Davis and his master’s degree in geology from Northern Arizona
University, afterwards working for several years in industry as a
development geologist, hydrogeologist, and computer
specialist. Al began teaching in the Earth Sciences
Department at Palomar in 1990 and in 1997 was awarded Palomar’s
Distinguished Faculty Award for Excellence in Teaching. He
has co-authored Introductory Oceanography with Hal Thurman and is a
contributing author for the textbooks Earth and Earth
Science. In addition to writing and teaching, Al works as a
naturalist and lecturer aboard natural history expedition vessels
in Alaska and the Sea of Cortez/Baja California. His research
interests include beach processes, sea cliff erosion, and computer
applications in oceanography.
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