Table of Contents

Notes on Contributors ix

1 Asian Englishes Today 1
Kingsley Bolton, Werner Botha, and Andy Kirkpatrick Part I The History and Development of Asian Englishes 13

2 Asia before English 15
Alexander R. Coupe and Frantisek Kratochvil

3 The Statistics of English across Asia 49
Kingsley Bolton and John Bacon-Shone

4 English and Language Policies in East and Southeast Asia 81
Andy Kirkpatrick and Anthony J. Liddicoat

5 English in Asian Schools 107
Ee-Ling Low

6 English in Asian Universities 133
Kingsley Bolton and Werner Botha

7 The Features of Asian Englishes: Morphosyntax 169
Werner Botha and Tobias Bernaisch

8 The Features of Asian Englishes: Phonology 189
Ishamina Athirah Gardiner and David Deterding

9 The Lexicography of Asian Englishes 209
James Lambert Part II English in Outer Circle Asian Societies 241

10 Indian English 243
S. N. Sridhar

11 Pakistani English 279
Tariq Rahman

12 Bangladeshi English 297
M. Obaidul Hamid and MD. Mahmudul Hasan

13 Nepali English 317
Ram Ashish Giri

14 Sri Lankan English 337
Tanya N. I. Ekanayaka

15 Myanmar English 355
Khin Khin Aye

16 Malaysian English 373
Azirah Hashim

17 Brunei English 399
James Mclellan

18 Singapore English 419
Francesco Cavallaro, Bee Chin Ng, and Ying-Ying Tan

19 Hong Kong English 449
Kingsley Bolton, John Bacon-Shone, and Kang Kwong Luke

20 Philippine English 479
Isabel Pefianco Martin Part III English in Expanding Circle Asian Societies 501

21 English in China 503
Kingsley Bolton, Werner Botha, and Wei Zhang

22 English in Macau 529
Werner Botha and Andrew Moody

23 English in Taiwan 547
Peter Iori Kobayashi

24 English in Japan 569
Philip Seargeant

25 English in Korea 585
Jamie Shinhee Lee

26 English in Indonesia 605
Allan F. Lauder

27 English in Thailand 629
Sawitri Pechapan-Hammond

28 English in Cambodia 649
phen H. Moore and Suksiri Bounchan

29 English in Laos 667
Lynda Achren and Daravone Kittiphanh

30 English in Vietnam 683
Peter Sundkvist and Xuan Nhat Chi Mai Nguyen Part IV New Frontiers of Research 705

31 Globalization and Asian Englishes 707
Mario Saraceni

32 English as an ASEAN Lingua Franca 725
Andy Kirkpatrick

33 Corpus Linguistics and Asian Englishes 741
Joybrato Mukherjee and Tobias Bernaisch

34 English in Asian Popular Culture 763
Andrew Moody

35 Asian Literatures in English 787
Shirley Geok-Lin Lim, Christopher B. Patterson, Y-Dang Troeung, and Weihsin Gui

36 English and Asian Religions 813
Phyllis Ghim-Lian Chew

37 English in Asian Linguistic Landscapes 833
Kingsley Bolton, Werner Botha, and Siu-Lun Lee

38 English in Asian Legal Systems 863
Richard Powell

Index 887

About the Author

Kingsley Bolton is Professor Emeritus at Stockholm University, Sweden, and Honorary Professor at the Social Sciences Research Centre at The University of Hong Kong. He has published widely on English linguistics and the sociolinguistics of the Asian region. He is Co-Editor of the journal World Englishes and Executive Director of the International Association for World Englishes. Werner Botha is Senior Lecturer at Flinders University, Australia. His current research focuses on language variation, educational linguistics, and the sociolinguistics of English in higher education in Singapore, South Africa, and China. He is Assistant Editor of the Wiley journal World Englishes. Andy Kirkpatrick is Professor in Linguistics at Griffith University, Australia, and a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities. He is author of World Englishes: Implications for ELT and International Communication (2007) and Is English an Asian Language? (2020).

Reviews

"In sum, The Handbook of Asian Englishes is definitely recommended for scholars studying varieties of English, particularly in the Asian region, because these varieties are still developing and have much potential for future research."
-LINGUIST List 32.2778