Table of Contents

Acknowledgments xi

Notes on Contributors xiii

1 Introduction: Key Concepts and Issues in Bilingual and Multilingual Education 1
Wayne E. Wright, Sovicheth Boun, and Ofelia García

Section 1 Foundations for Bilingual and Multilingual Education 17

2 Egalitarian Bi/multilingualism and Trans-semiotizing in a Global World 19
Angel Lin

3 Bilingualism and Creativity: An Educational Perspective 38
Anatoliy V. Kharkhurin

4 Language Acquisition in Bilingual Education 56
Guadalupe Valdés, Luis Poza, and Maneka Deanna Brooks

5 Literacy in Bilingual and Multilingual Education 75
Viv Edwards

6 Culture in Bilingual and Multilingual Education: Conflict, Struggle, and Power 92
Laura A. Valdiviezo and Sonia Nieto

7 A Synthesis of Research on Bilingual and Multilingual Education 109
Colin Baker and Gwyn Lewis

8 Researching Bilingual and Multilingual Education Multilingually: A Linguistic Ethnographic Approach 127
Angela Creese, Adrian Blackledge, with Arvind Bhatt, Carla Jonsson, Kasper Juffermans, Jinling Li, Peter Martin, Anu Muhonen, and Jaspreet Kaur Takhi

9 Intersections of Language Ideology, Power, and Identity: Bilingual Education and Indigenous Language
Revitalization in French Polynesia 145
Mirose Paia, Jim Cummins, Isabelle Nocus, Marie Salaün, and Jacques Vernaudon

10 Language Policy and Planning in Education 164
Terrence G. Wiley

11 Language Rights 185
Tove Skutnabb-Kangas

Section 2 Pedagogical Issues and Practices in Bilingual and Multilingual Education 203

Practices and Pedagogies for Bilingualism and Multilingualism 203

12 Programs and Structures in Bilingual and Multilingual Education 205
Nelson Flores and Hugo Baetens Beardsmore

13 Translanguaging, Bilingualism, and Bilingual Education 223
Ofelia García and Li Wei

14 Multiliteracies, Pedagogies, and Academic Literacy 241
Madhav Kafle and Suresh Canagarajah

15 Language Assessment: Past to Present Misuses and Future Possibilities 253
Elana Shohamy and Kate Menken

16 Teacher Education and Support 270
Anne-Marie de Mejía and Christine Hélot

17 Parent and Community Involvement in Bilingual and Multilingual Education 282
M. Beatriz Arias

School Levels and Special Populations 299

18 Early Childhood Education and Dual Language Learners 301
Eugene E. García and Amy M. Markos

19 Primary School Bilingual Education: Pedagogical Issues and Practices 319
María Estela Brisk, Ester J. de Jong, and Meredith C. Moore

20 Secondary Bilingual Education: Cutting the Gordian Knot 336
Christian Faltis and Frank Ramirez-Marín

21 Bi/Multilingual Higher Education: Perspectives and Practices 354
Christa van der Walt

22 Bilingual Education and Students with Dis/Abilities and Exceptionalities 372
Teddi Beam-Conroy and Patricia Alvarez McHatton

23 Bilingual Deaf Education 391
Timothy Reagan

24 Bilingual-Multilingual Education and Indigenous Peoples 409
Tiffany S. Lee and Teresa L. McCarty

25 Nonformal Bilingual Education 428
Lesley Bartlett and Monisha Bajaj

Section 3 Global Dimensions of Bilingual and Multilingual Education 447

26 A Dual Language Revolution in the United States? On the Bumpy Road from Compensatory to Enrichment Education for Bilingual Children in Texas 449
Deborah K. Palmer, Christian E. Zuñiga, and Kathryn Henderson

27 Global Dimensions of Bilingual and Multilingual Education: Canada 461
Thomas Ricento

28 Minority Languages, State Languages, and English in European Education 473
Jasone Cenoz and Durk Gorter

29 Contested Notions of Bilingualism and Trilingualism in the People’s Republic of China 484
Anwei Feng and Bob Adamson

30 Bilingual Education in Japan: Slow but Steady Progress 495
Akie Tomozawa and Junko Majima

31 Breaking the Façade of Linguistic and Cultural Homogeneity: Education for Multicultural Children in South Korea 506
Jin Sook Lee

32 Striving for Education for All through Bilingual Education in Cambodia 517
Wayne E. Wright and Sovicheth Boun

33 Bilingual and Multilingual Education in Brunei and Malaysia: Policies and Practices 531
Gary M. Jones

34 Multilingual Education in South Asia: The Burden of the Double Divide 542
Minati Panda and Ajit K. Mohanty

35 “Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth”: Tension and Conflict between Language Institutions in South Africa 554
Sinfree Makoni and Busi Makoni

36 A Panoramic View of Bilingual Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Reorienting the Lens for the Future 566
Leketi Makalela

37 Language Education in Mexico: Access, Equity, and Ideology 578
Peter Sayer and Mario López Gopar

38 Indigenous Youth and Adult Education in Latin America 592
Luis Enrique López

39 Multilingual Education across Oceania 604
Joseph Lo Bianco

40 Language, Conflict, and Social Change: Arabic Bilingual Education in the Middle East and North Africa 618
Zeena Zakharia

41 Bilingual and Multilingual Education in the Former Soviet Republics: The Case of Latvia 632
Gatis Dilans and Brigita Zepa

Index 645

About the Author

Wayne E. Wright is Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, Professor, and Barbara I. Cook Chair of Literacy and Language in the College of Education at Purdue University. He is Co-Editor of the Journal of Language, Identity and Education, and Editor of the Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement. His most recent books are the 6th edition of Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism (with Colin Baker, 2017), and the 2nd edition of Foundations for Teaching English Language Learners: Research, Theory, Policy, & Practice (2015).

Sovicheth Boun is Assistant Professor of ESL and Literacy in the Department of Secondary and Higher Education at Salem State University. His research interests include bi-/multilingual education and policies (in both Cambodia and the U.S.), language ideologies, language teacher identities, and K-12 schooling experiences of Southeast Asian American students.

Ofelia García is Professor in the Ph.D. programs in Urban Education and Hispanic and Luso Brazilian Literatures and Languages at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. She has been Professor of Bilingual Education at Columbia University's Teachers College, and at The City College of New York; and has been Dean of the School of Education at the Brooklyn Campus of Long Island University. García has published widely in the areas of sociology of language, language policy, bilingualism, and bilingual education. She is the General Editor of the International Journal of the Sociology of Language and the co-editor of Language Policy (with H. Kelly-Holmes).