Table of Contents

CONTRIBUTORS
PREFACE
Part 1: The Profession of Medicine

1 The Practice of Medicine
The Editors


2 Promoting Good Health
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Kathleen M. McKibbin


3 Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine
Daniel B. Mark, John B. Wong


4 Screening and Prevention of Disease
Katrina A. Armstrong, Gary J. Martin


5 Health Care Systems in Developed Countries
Richard B. Saltman


6 The Safety and Quality of Health Care
David W. Bates


7 Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
Joseph R. Betancourt, Alexander R. Green


8 Ethical Issues in Clinical Medicine
Bernard Lo, Christine Grady


9 Palliative and End-of-Life Care
Ezekiel J. Emanuel

Part 2: Cardinal Manifestations and Presentation of Diseases

Section 1: Pain

10 Pain: Pathophysiology and Management
James P. Rathmell, Howard L. Fields


11 Chest Discomfort
David A. Morrow


12 Abdominal Pain
Danny O. Jacobs


13 Headache
Peter J. Goadsby


14 Back and Neck Pain
John W. Engstrom

Section 2: Alterations in Body Temperature

15 Fever
Charles A. Dinarello, Reuven Porat


16 Fever and Rash
Elaine T. Kaye, Kenneth M. Kaye


17 Fever of Unknown Origin
Chantal P. Bleeker-Rovers, Jos W. M. van der Meer

Section 3: Nervous System Dysfunction

18 Syncope
Roy Freeman


19 Dizziness and Vertigo
Mark F. Walker, Robert B. Daroff


20 Fatigue
Jeffrey M. Gelfand, Vanja C. Douglas


21 Neurologic Causes of Weakness and Paralysis
Michael J. Aminoff


22 Numbness, Tingling, and Sensory Loss
Michael J. Aminoff


23 Gait Disorders, Imbalance and Falls
Jessica M. Baker, Lewis R. Sudarsky


24 Confusion and Delirium
S. Andrew Josephson, Bruce L. Miller


25 Dementia
William W. Seeley, Bruce L. Miller


26 Aphasia, Memory Loss, Hemispatial Neglect, Frontal Syndromes and Other Cerebral Disorders
M.-Marsel Mesulam


27 Sleep Disorders
Thomas E. Scammell, Clifford B. Saper, Charles A. Czeisler

Section 4: Disorders of Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat

28 Disorders of the Eye
Jonathan C. Horton


29 Disorders of Smell and Taste
Richard L. Doty, Steven M. Bromley


30 Disorders of Hearing
Anil K. Lalwani


31 Sore Throat, Earache, and Upper Respiratory Symptoms
Michael A. Rubin, Larry C. Ford, Ralph Gonzales


32 Oral Manifestations of Disease
Samuel C. Durso

Section 5: Alterations in Circulatory and Respiratory Functions

33 Dyspnea
Rebecca M. Baron


34 Cough
Christopher H. Fanta


35 Hemoptysis
Anna K. Brady, Patricia A. Kritek


36 Hypoxia and Cyanosis
Joseph Loscalzo


37 Edema
Eugene Braunwald, Joseph Loscalzo


38 Approach to the Patient with a Heart Murmur
Patrick T. O'Gara, Joseph Loscalzo


39 Palpitations
Joseph Loscalzo

Section 6: Alterations in Gastrointestinal Function

40 Dysphagia
Ikuo Hirano, Peter J. Kahrilas


41 Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion
William L. Hasler


42 Diarrhea and Constipation
Michael Camilleri, Joseph A. Murray


43 Unintentional Weight Loss
J. Larry Jameson


44 Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Loren Laine


45 Jaundice
Savio John, Daniel S. Pratt


46 Abdominal Swelling and Ascites
Kathleen E. Corey, Lawrence S. Friedman

Section 7: Alterations in Renal and Urinary Tract Function

47 Dysuria, Bladder Pain, and the Interstitial Cystitis/ Bladder Pain Syndrome
John W. Warren


48 Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities
David B. Mount


49 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances
David B. Mount


50 Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia
Sundeep Khosla


51 Acidosis and Alkalosis
Thomas D. DuBose, Jr.

Section 8: Alterations in the Skin

52 Approach to the Patient with a Skin Disorder
Kim B. Yancey, Thomas J. Lawley


53 Eczema, Psoriasis, Cutaneous Infections, Acne, and Other Common Skin Disorders
Leslie P. Lawley, Calvin O. McCall, Thomas J. Lawley


54 Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease
Jean L. Bolognia, Irwin M. Braverman


55 Immunologically Mediated Skin Diseases
Kim B. Yancey, Thomas J. Lawley


56 Cutaneous Drug Reactions
Robert G. Micheletti, Misha Rosenbach, Bruce U. Wintroub, Kanade Shinkai


57 Photosensitivity and Other Reactions to Light
Alexander G. Marneros, David R. Bickers

Section 9: Hematologic Alterations

58 Interpreting Peripheral Blood Smears
Dan L. Longo


59 Anemia and Polycythemia
John W. Adamson, Dan L. Longo


60 Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes
Steven M. Holland, John I. Gallin


61 Bleeding and Thrombosis
Barbara A. Konkle


62 Enlargement of Lymph Nodes and Spleen
Dan L. Longo

Part 3: Pharmacology

63 Principles of Clinical Pharmacology
Dan M. Roden


64 Pharmacogenomics
Dan M. Roden

Part 4: Oncology and Hematology

Section 1: Neoplastic Disorders

65 Approach to the Patient with Cancer
Dan L. Longo


66 Prevention and Early Detection of Cancer
Jennifer M. Croswell, Otis W. Brawley, Barnett S. Kramer


67 Cancer Genetics
Fred Bunz, Bert Vogelstein


68 Cancer Cell Biology
Jeffrey W. Clark, Dan L. Longo


69 Principles of Cancer Treatment
Edward A. Sausville, Dan L. Longo


70 Infections in Patients with Cancer
Robert W. Finberg


71 Oncologic Emergencies
Rasim Gucalp, Janice P. Dutcher


72 Cancer of the Skin
Brendan D. Curti, Sancy Leachman, Walter J. Urba


73 Head and Neck Cancer
Everett E. Vokes


74 Neoplasms of the Lung
Leora Horn, Christine M. Lovly


75 Breast Cancer
Daniel F. Hayes, Marc E. Lippman


76 Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers
Robert J. Mayer


77 Lower Gastrointestinal Cancers
Robert J. Mayer


78 Tumors of the Liver and Biliary Tree
Josep M. Llovet


79 Pancreatic Cancer
Daniel D. Von Hoff


80 Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Pancreas
Robert T. Jensen


81 Renal Cell Carcinoma
Robert J. Motzer


82 Cancer of the Bladder and Urinary Tract
Noah M. Hahn


83 Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Prostate
Howard I. Scher, James A. Eastham


84 Testicular Cancer
David J. Vaughn


85 Gynecologic Malignancies
David Spriggs


86 Primary and Metastatic Tumors of the Nervous System
Lisa M. DeAngelis, Patrick Y. Wen


87 Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcomas and Bone Metastases
Shreyaskumar R. Patel


88 Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
Gauri R. Varadhachary, James L. Abbruzzese


89 Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Endocrinologic/Hematologic
J. Larry Jameson, Dan L. Longo


90 Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis
Josep Dalmau, Myrna R. Rosenfeld


91 Late Consequences of Cancer and Its Treatment
Carl E. Freter, Dan L. Longo

Section 2: Hematopoietic Disorders

92 Hematopoietic Stem Cells
David T. Scadden, Dan L. Longo


93 Iron Deficiency and Other Hypoproliferative Anemias
John W. Adamson


94 Disorders of Hemoglobin
Edward J. Benz, Jr.


95 Megaloblastic Anemias
A. Victor Hoffbrand


96 Hemolytic Anemias
Lucio Luzzatto


97 Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss
Dan L. Longo


98 Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes Including Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplasia
Neal S. Young


99 Polycythemia Vera and Other Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Jerry L. Spivak


100 Acute Myeloid Leukemia
William Blum, Clara D. Bloomfield


101 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Hagop Kantarjian, Jorge Cortes


102 Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
Dieter Hoelzer


103 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Jennifer A. Woyach, John C. Byrd


104 Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Caron A. Jacobson, Dan L. Longo


105 Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Caron A. Jacobson, Dan L. Longo


106 Less Common Hematologic Malignancies
Ayalew Tefferi, Dan L. Longo


107 Plasma Cell Disorders
Nikhil C. Munshi, Dan L. Longo, Kenneth C. Anderson


108 Amyloidosis
John L. Berk, Vaishali Sanchorawala


109 Transfusion Biology and Therapy
Jeffery S. Dzieczkowski, Pierre Tiberghien, Kenneth C. Anderson


110 Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Frederick R. Appelbaum

Section 3: Disorders of Hemostasis

111 Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall
Barbara A. Konkle


112 Coagulation Disorders
Valder R. Arruda, Katherine A. High


113 Arterial and Venous Thrombosis
Jane E. Freedman, Joseph Loscalzo


114 Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Fibrinolytic Drugs
Jeffrey I. Weitz

Part 5: Infectious Diseases

Section 1: Basic Considerations in Infectious Diseases

115 Approach to the Patient with an Infectious Disease
Neeraj K. Surana, Dennis L. Kasper


116 Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis
Gerald B. Pier


117 Approach to the Acutely Ill Infected Febrile Patient
Tamar F. Barlam, Dennis L. Kasper


118 Immunization Principles and Vaccine Use
Nancy Messonnier, Anne Schuchat, Lisa A. Jackson


119 Health Recommendations for International Travel
Jay S. Keystone, Phyllis E. Kozarsky


120 Climate Change and Infectious Disease
Aaron S. Bernstein

Section 2: Clinical Syndromes: Community-Acquired Infections

121 Pneumonia
Lionel A. Mandell, Richard G. Wunderink


122 Lung Abscess
Rebecca M. Baron, Miriam Baron Barshak


123 Infective Endocarditis
Adolf W. Karchmer


124 Infections of the Skin, Muscles, and Soft Tissues
Dennis L. Stevens


125 Infectious Arthritis
Lawrence C. Madoff


126 Osteomyelitis
Werner Zimmerli


127 Intraabdominal Infections and Abscesses
Miriam Baron Barshak, Dennis L. Kasper


128 Acute Infectious Diarrheal Diseases and Bacterial Food Poisoning
Richelle C. Charles, Stephen B. Calderwood, Regina C. LaRocque


129 Clostridium difficile Infection, Including Pseudomembranous Colitis
Dale N. Gerding, Stuart Johnson


130 Urinary Tract Infections, Pyelonephritis, and Prostatitis
Kalpana Gupta, Barbara W. Trautner


131 Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach
Jeanne M. Marrazzo, King K. Holmes


132 Encephalitis
Karen L. Roos, Kenneth L. Tyler


133 Acute Meningitis
Karen L. Roos, Kenneth L. Tyler


134 Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis
Walter J. Koroshetz, Michael R. Wilson, Avindra Nath


135 Brain Abscess and Empyema
Karen L. Roos, Kenneth L. Tyler


136 Infectious Complications of Bites
Sandeep S. Jubbal, Florencia Pereyra, Lawrence C. Madoff

Section 3: Clinical Syndromes: Health Care-Associated Infections

137 Infections Acquired in Health Care Facilities
Robert A. Weinstein


138 Infections in Transplant Recipients
Robert W. Finberg, Joyce D. Fingeroth

Section 4: Therapy for Bacterial Diseases

139 Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections
David C. Hooper, Erica S. Shenoy, Christy A. Varughese


140 Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents
David C. Hooper

Section 5: Diseases Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria

141 Pneumococcal Infections
David Goldblatt, Katherine L. O'Brien


142 Staphylococcal Infections
Franklin D. Lowy


143 Streptococcal Infections
Michael R. Wessels


144 Enterococcal Infections
Cesar A. Arias, Barbara E. Murray


145 Diphtheria and Other Corynebacterial Infections
William R. Bishai, John R. Murphy


146 Listeria monocytogenes Infections
Elizabeth L. Hohmann, Daniel A. Portnoy


147 Tetanus
C. Louise Thwaites, Lam Minh Yen


148 Botulism
Agam K. Rao, Susan Maslanka


149 Gas Gangrene and Other Clostridial Infections
Amy E. Bryant, Dennis L. Stevens

Section 6: Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria

150 Meningococcal Infections
Andrew J. Pollard


151 Gonococcal Infections
Sanjay Ram, Peter A. Rice


152 Haemophilus and Moraxella Infections
Timothy F. Murphy


153 Infections Due to the HACEK Group and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacteria
Tamar F. Barlam, Dennis L. Kasper


154 Legionella Infections
Victor L. Yu, M. Luisa Pedro-Botet, Yusen E. Lin


155 Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections
Karina A. Top, Scott A. Halperin


156 Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacilli
Thomas A. Russo, James R. Johnson


157 Acinetobacter Infections
Rossana Rosa, L. Silvia Munoz-Price


158 Helicobacter pylori Infections
John C. Atherton, Martin J. Blaser


159 Infections Due to Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas Species
Reuben Ramphal


160 Salmonellosis
David A. Pegues, Samuel I. Miller


161 Shigellosis
Philippe J. Sansonetti, Jean Bergounioux


162 Infections Due to Campylobacter and Related Organisms
Beth D. Kirkpatrick, Martin J. Blaser


163 Cholera and Other Vibrioses
Matthew K. Waldor, Edward T. Ryan


164 Brucellosis
Nicholas J. Beeching


165 Tularemia
Jeannine M. Petersen, Paul S. Mead


166 Plague and Other Yersinia Infections
Michael B. Prentice


167 Bartonella Infections, Including Cat-Scratch Disease
Michael Giladi, Moshe Ephros


168 Donovanosis
Nigel O'Farrell

Section 7: Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections

169 Nocardiosis
Gregory A. Filice


170 Actinomycosis
Thomas A. Russo


171 Whipple's Disease
Thomas A. Russo


172 Infections Due to Mixed Anaerobic Organisms
Neeraj K. Surana, Dennis L. Kasper

Section 8: Mycobacterial Diseases

173 Tuberculosis
Mario C. Raviglione


174 Leprosy
Robert H. Gelber


175 Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections
Steven M. Holland


176 Antimycobacterial Agents
Divya Reddy, Max R. O'Donnell

Section 9: Spirochetal Diseases

177 Syphilis
Sheila A. Lukehart


178 Endemic Treponematoses
Sheila A. Lukehart


179 Leptospirosis
Jiri F. P. Wagenaar, Marga G. A. Goris


180 Relapsing Fever
Alan G. Barbour


181 Lyme Borreliosis
Allen C. Steere

Section 10: Diseases Caused by Rickettsiae, Mycoplasmas, and Chlamydiae

182 Rickettsial Diseases
David H. Walker, J. Stephen Dumler, Lucas S. Blanton, Thomas J. Marrie


183 Infections Due to Mycoplasmas
R. Doug Hardy


184 Chlamydial Infections
Charlotte A. Gaydos, Thomas C. Quinn

Section 11: Viral Diseases: General Considerations

185 Medical Virology
Fred Wang, Elliott Kieff


186 Antiviral Chemotherapy, Excluding Antiretroviral Drugs
Lindsey R. Baden

Section 12: Infections Due to DNA Viruses

187 Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
Lawrence Corey


188 Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections
Richard J. Whitley


189 Epstein-Barr Virus Infections, Including Infectious Mononucleosis
Jeffrey I. Cohen


190 Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus Types 6, 7, and 8
Camille Nelson Kotton, Martin S. Hirsch


191 Molluscum Contagiosum, Monkeypox, and Other Poxvirus Infections
Fred Wang


192 Parvovirus Infections
Kevin E. Brown


193 Human Papillomavirus Infections
Darron R. Brown, Aaron Ermel

Section 13: Infections Due to DNA and RNA Respiratory Viruses

194 Common Viral Respiratory Infections
James E. Crowe, Jr.


195 Influenza
Peter F. Wright

Section 14: Infections Due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Other Human Retroviruses

196 The Human Retroviruses
Dan L. Longo, Anthony S. Fauci


197 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: AIDS and Related Disorders
Anthony S. Fauci, Gregory K. Folkers, H. Clifford Lane

Section 15: Infections Due to RNA Viruses

198 Viral Gastroenteritis
Umesh D. Parashar, Roger I. Glass


199 Enterovirus, Parechovirus, and Reovirus Infections
Jeffrey I. Cohen


200 Measles (Rubeola)
Kaitlin Rainwater-Lovett, William J. Moss


201 Rubella (German Measles)
Laura A. Zimmerman, Susan E. Reef


202 Mumps
Steven A. Rubin


203 Rabies and Other Rhabdovirus Infections
Alan C. Jackson


204 Arthropod-Borne and Rodent-Borne Virus Infections
Jens H. Kuhn, Remi N. Charrel


205 Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus Infections
Jens H. Kuhn

Section 16: Fungal Infections

206 Diagnosis and Treatment of Fungal Infections
John E. Edwards, Jr.


207 Histoplasmosis
Chadi A. Hage, L. Joseph Wheat


208 Coccidioidomycosis
Neil M. Ampel


209 Blastomycosis
S. Travis King, Rathel L. Nolan, III


210 Cryptococcosis
Arturo Casadevall


211 Candidiasis
John E. Edwards, Jr.


212 Aspergillosis
David W. Denning


213 Mucormycosis
Brad Spellberg, Ashraf S. Ibrahim


214 Superficial Mycoses and Less Common Systemic Mycoses
Carol A. Kauffman


215 Pneumocystis Infections
Alison Morris, Henry Masur

Section 17: Protozoal and Helminthic Infections: General Considerations

216 Introduction to Parasitic Infections
Sharon L. Reed, Charles E. Davis


217 Agents Used to Treat Parasitic Infections
Thomas A. Moore

Section 18: Protozoal Infections

218 Amebiasis and Infection with Free-Living Amebae
Rosa M. Andrade, Sharon L. Reed


219 Malaria
Nicholas J. White, Elizabeth A. Ashley


220 Babesiosis
Edouard Vannier, Peter J. Krause


221 Leishmaniasis
Shyam Sundar


222 Chagas Disease and African Trypanosomiasis
Francois Chappuis, Yves Jackson


223 Toxoplasma Infections
Kami Kim


224 Protozoal Intestinal Infections and Trichomoniasis
Peter F. Weller

Section 19: Helminthic Infections

225 Introduction to Helminthic Infections
Peter F. Weller


226 Trichinellosis and Other Tissue Nematode Infections
Peter F. Weller


227 Intestinal Nematode Infections
Peter F. Weller, Thomas B. Nutman


228 Filarial and Related Infections
Thomas B. Nutman, Peter F. Weller


229 Schistosomiasis and Other Trematode Infections
Birgitte Jyding Vennervald


230 Cestode Infections
A. Clinton White, Jr., Peter F. Weller

Part 6: Disorders of the Cardiovascular System

Section 1: Introduction to Cardiovascular Disorders

231 Approach to the Patient with Possible Cardiovascular Disease
Joseph Loscalzo


232 Basic Biology of the Cardiovascular System
Joseph Loscalzo, Peter Libby, Calum A. MacRae


233 Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease
Thomas A. Gaziano, J. Michael Gaziano

Section 2: Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disorders

234 Physical Examination of the Cardiovascular System
Patrick T. O'Gara, Joseph Loscalzo


235 Electrocardiography
Ary L. Goldberger


236 Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging: Echocardiography, Nuclear Cardiology, and Magnetic Resonance/Computed Tomography Imaging
Marcelo F. Di Carli, Raymond Y. Kwong, Scott D. Solomon


237 Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Angiography
Jane A. Leopold, David P. Faxon

Section 3: Disorders of Rhythm

238 Principles of Electrophysiology
David D. Spragg, Gordon F. Tomaselli


239 The Bradyarrhythmias: Disorders of the Sinoatrial Node
David D. Spragg, Gordon F. Tomaselli


240 The Bradyarrhythmias: Disorders of the Atrioventricular Node
David D. Spragg, Gordon F. Tomaselli


241 Approach to Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias
Gregory F. Michaud, William G. Stevenson


242 Physiologic and Non-physiologic Sinus Tachycardia
Gregory F. Michaud, William G. Stevenson


243 Focal Atrial Tachycardia
Gregory F. Michaud, William G. Stevenson


244 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardias
Gregory F. Michaud, William G. Stevenson


245 Common Atrial Flutter, Macroreentrant and Multifocal Atrial Tachycardias
Gregory F. Michaud, William G. Stevenson


246 Atrial Fibrillation
Gregory F. Michaud, William G. Stevenson


247 Approach to Ventricular Arrhythmias
Roy M. John, William G. Stevenson


248 Premature Ventricular Beats, Non-sustained Ventricular Tachycardia, and Idioventricular Rhythm
Roy M. John, William G. Stevenson


249 Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia
William G. Stevenson, Roy M. John


250 Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular Fibrillation
William G. Stevenson, Roy M. John


251 Electrical Storm and Incessant VT
William G. Stevenson, Roy M. John

Section 4: Disorders of the Heart

252 Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis
Douglas L. Mann, Murali Chakinala


253 Heart Failure: Management
Mandeep R. Mehra


254 Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis
Neal K. Lakdawala, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Joseph Loscalzo


255 Cardiac Transplantation and Prolonged Assisted Circulation
Mandeep R. Mehra


256 Aortic Valve Disease
Patrick T. O'Gara, Joseph Loscalzo


257 Aortic Regurgitation
Patrick T. O'Gara, Joseph Loscalzo


258 Mitral Stenosis
Patrick T. O'Gara, Joseph Loscalzo


259 Mitral Regurgitation
Patrick T. O'Gara, Joseph Loscalzo


260 Mitral Valve Prolapse
Patrick T. O'Gara, Joseph Loscalzo


261 Tricuspid Valve Disease
Patrick T. O'Gara, Joseph Loscalzo


262 Pulmonic Valve Disease
Patrick T. O'Gara, Joseph Loscalzo


263 Multiple and Mixed Valvular Heart Disease
Patrick T. O'Gara, Joseph Loscalzo


264 Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult
Anne Marie Valente, Michael J. Landzberg


265 Pericardial Disease
Eugene Braunwald


266 Atrial Myxoma and Other Cardiac Tumors
Eric H. Awtry

Section 5: Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease

267 Ischemic Heart Disease
Elliott Antman, Joseph Loscalzo


268 Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Unstable Angina)
Robert P. Giugliano, Christopher P. Cannon, Eugene Braunwald


269 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Elliott M. Antman, Joseph Loscalzo


270 Percutaneous Coronary Interventions and Other Interventional Procedures
David P. Faxon, Deepak L. Bhatt


271 Hypertensive Vascular Disease
Theodore A. Kotchen


272 Renovascular Disease
Stephen C. Textor


273 Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Samuel Z. Goldhaber


274 Diseases of the Aorta
Mark A. Creager, Joseph Loscalzo


275 Arterial Diseases of the Extremities
Mark A. Creager, Joseph Loscalzo


276 Chronic Venous Disease and Lymphedema
Mark A. Creager, Joseph Loscalzo


277 Pulmonary Hypertension
Aaron B. Waxman, Joseph Loscalzo

Part 7: Disorders of the Respiratory System

Section 1: Diagnosis of Respiratory Disorders

278 Approach to the Patient with Disease of the Respiratory System
Patricia A. Kritek, Bruce D. Levy


279 Disturbances of Respiratory Function
Edward T. Naureckas, Julian Solway


280 Diagnostic Procedures in Respiratory Disease
Anne L. Fuhlbrigge, Augustine M.K. Choi

Section 2: Diseases of the Respiratory System

281 Asthma
Peter J. Barnes


282 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and Pulmonary Infiltrates with Eosinophilia
Praveen Akuthota, Michael E. Wechsler


283 Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease
John R. Balmes


284 Bronchiectasis
Rebecca M. Baron, Miriam Baron Barshak


285 Cystic Fibrosis
Eric J. Sorscher


286 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Edwin K. Silverman, James D. Crapo, Barry Make


287 Interstitial Lung Disease
Gary M. Hunninghake, Ivan O. Rosas


288 Disorders of the Pleura
Richard W. Light


289 Disorders of the Mediastinum
Richard W. Light


290 Disorders of Ventilation
John F. McConville, Julian Solway, Babak Mokhlesi


291 Sleep Apnea
Andrew Wellman, Susan Redline


292 Lung Transplantation
Elbert P. Trulock, III

Part 8: Critical Care Medicine

Section 1: Respiratory Critical Care

293 Approach to the Patient with Critical Illness
John P. Kress, Jesse B. Hall


294 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Rebecca M. Baron, Bruce D. Levy


295 Mechanical Ventilatory Support
Bartolome R. Celli

Section 2: Shock and Cardiac Arrest

296 Approach to the Patient with Shock
Anthony F. Massaro


297 Sepsis and Septic Shock
Christopher W. Seymour, Derek C. Angus


298 Cardiogenic Shock and Pulmonary Edema
David H. Ingbar, Holger Thiele


299 Cardiovascular Collapse, Cardiac Arrest, and Sudden Cardiac Death
Christine M. Albert, William G. Stevenson

Section 3: Neurologic Critical Care

300 Coma
S. Andrew Josephson, Allan H. Ropper, Stephen L. Hauser


301 Severe Acute Encephalopathies and Critical Care Weakness
J. Claude Hemphill, III, Wade S. Smith, S. Andrew Josephson, Daryl R. Gress


302 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
J. Claude Hemphill, III, Wade S. Smith, Daryl R. Gress

Part 9: Disorders of the Kidney and Urinary Tract

303 Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Kidney
Alfred L. George, Jr., Eric G. Neilson


304 Acute Kidney Injury
Sushrut S. Waikar, Joseph V. Bonventre


305 Chronic Kidney Disease
Joanne M. Bargman, Karl L. Skorecki


306 Dialysis in the Treatment of Renal Failure
Kathleen D. Liu, Glenn M. Chertow


307 Transplantation in the Treatment of Renal Failure
Jamil Azzi, Edgar L. Milford, Mohamed H. Sayegh, Anil Chandraker


308 Glomerular Diseases
Julia B. Lewis, Eric G. Neilson


309 Polycystic Kidney Disease and Other Inherited Disorders of Tubule Growth and Development
Jing Zhou, Martin R. Pollak


310 Tubulointerstitial Diseases of the Kidney
Laurence H. Beck, Jr., David J. Salant


311 Vascular Injury to the Kidney
Ronald S. Go, Nelson Leung


312 Nephrolithiasis
Gary C. Curhan


313 Urinary Tract Obstruction
Julian L. Seifter

Part 10: Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System

Section 1: Disorders of the Alimentary Tract

314 Approach to the Patient with Gastrointestinal Disease
William L. Hasler, Chung Owyang


315 Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Louis Michel Wong Kee Song, Mark Topazian


316 Diseases of the Esophagus
Peter J. Kahrilas, Ikuo Hirano


317 Peptic Ulcer Disease and Related Disorders
John Del Valle


318 Disorders of Absorption
Henry J. Binder


319 Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Sonia Friedman, Richard S. Blumberg


320 Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Chung Owyang


321 Diverticular Disease and Common Anorectal Disorders
Rizwan Ahmed, Susan L. Gearhart


322 Mesenteric Vascular Insufficiency
Satinderjit Locham, Mahmoud Malas


323 Acute Intestinal Obstruction
Danny O. Jacobs


324 Acute Appendicitis and Peritonitis
Danny O. Jacobs

Section 2: Nutrition

325 Nutrient Requirements and Dietary Assessment
Johanna Dwyer


326 Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess
Paolo M. Suter, Robert M. Russell


327 Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment
Gordon L. Jensen


328 Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition
L. John Hoffer, Bruce R. Bistrian, David F. Driscoll

Section 3: Liver and Biliary Tract Disease

329 Approach to the Patient with Liver Disease
Marc G. Ghany, Jay H. Hoofnagle


330 Evaluation of Liver Function
Daniel S. Pratt


331 The Hyperbilirubinemias
Allan W. Wolkoff


332 Acute Viral Hepatitis
Jules L. Dienstag


333 Toxic and Drug-Induced Hepatitis
William M. Lee, Jules L. Dienstag


334 Chronic Hepatitis
Jules L. Dienstag


335 Alcoholic Liver Disease
Mark E. Mailliard, Michael F. Sorrell


336 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Manal F. Abdelmalek, Anna Mae Diehl


337 Cirrhosis and Its Complications
Bruce R. Bacon


338 Liver Transplantation
Raymond T. Chung, Jules L. Dienstag


339 Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts
Norton J. Greenberger, Gustav Paumgartner

Section 4: Disorders of the Pancreas

340 Approach to the Patient with Pancreatic Disease
Darwin L. Conwell, Norton J. Greenberger, Peter A. Banks


341 Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis
Darwin L. Conwell, Peter A. Banks, Norton J. Greenberger

Part 11: Immune-Mediated, Inflammatory, and Rheumatologic Disorders

Section 1: The Immune System in Health and Disease

342 Introduction to the Immune System
Barton F. Haynes, Kelly A. Soderberg, Anthony S. Fauci


343 The Major Histocompatibility Complex
Gerald T. Nepom


344 Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases
Alain Fischer

Section 2: Disorders of Immune-Mediated Injury

345 Urticaria, Angioedema, and Allergic Rhinitis
Katherine N. Cahill, Joshua A. Boyce


346 Anaphylaxis
David Hong, Joshua A. Boyce


347 Mastocytosis
Cem Akin, Joshua A. Boyce


348 Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases
Betty Diamond, Peter E. Lipsky


349 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Bevra Hannahs Hahn


350 Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos


351 Rheumatoid Arthritis
Ankoor Shah, E. William St. Clair


352 Acute Rheumatic Fever
Jonathan R. Carapetis


353 Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) and Related Disorders
John Varga


354 Sjoegren's Syndrome
Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos


355 The Spondyloarthritides
Joel D. Taurog


356 The Vasculitis Syndromes
Carol A. Langford, Anthony S. Fauci


357 Behcet's Syndrome
Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos


358 Inflammatory Myopathies
Steven A. Greenberg, Anthony A. Amato


359 Relapsing Polychondritis
Carol A. Langford


360 Sarcoidosis
Robert P. Baughman, Elyse E. Lower


361 IgG4-Related Disease
John H. Stone


362 Familial Mediterranean Fever and Other Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases
Daniel L. Kastner

Section 3: Disorders of the Joints and Adjacent Tissues

363 Approach to Articular and Musculoskeletal Disorders
John J. Cush


364 Osteoarthritis
David T. Felson, Tuhina Neogi


365 Gout and Other Crystal-Associated Arthropathies
H. Ralph Schumacher, Lan X. Chen


366 Fibromyalgia
Leslie J. Crofford


367 Arthritis Associated with Systemic Disease, and Other Arthritides
Carol A. Langford, Brian F. Mandell


368 Periarticular Disorders of the Extremities
Carol A. Langford

Part 12: Endocrinology and Metabolism

Section 1: Endocrinology

369 Approach to the Patient with Endocrine Disorders
J. Larry Jameson


370 Mechanisms of Hormone Action
J. Larry Jameson


371 Physiology of Anterior Pituitary Hormones
Shlomo Melmed, J. Larry Jameson


372 Hypopituitarism
Shlomo Melmed, J. Larry Jameson


373 Pituitary Tumor Syndromes
Shlomo Melmed, J. Larry Jameson


374 Disorders of the Neurohypophysis
Gary L. Robertson


375 Thyroid Gland Physiology and Testing
J. Larry Jameson, Susan J. Mandel, Anthony P. Weetman


376 Hypothyroidism
J. Larry Jameson, Susan J. Mandel, Anthony P. Weetman


377 Hyperthyroidism
J. Larry Jameson, Susan J. Mandel, Anthony P. Weetman


378 Thyroid Nodular Disease and Thyroid Cancer
J. Larry Jameson, Susan J. Mandel, Anthony P. Weetman


379 Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex
Wiebke Arlt


380 Pheochromocytoma
Hartmut P. H. Neumann


381 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
R. V. Thakker


382 Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes
Peter A. Gottlieb, Aaron W. Michels

Section 2: Sex- and Gender-Based Medicine

383 Disorders of Sex Development
John C. Achermann, J. Larry Jameson


384 Disorders of the Testes and Male Reproductive System
Shalender Bhasin, J. Larry Jameson


385 Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
Janet E. Hall


386 Menstrual Disorders and Pelvic Pain
Janet E. Hall


387 Hirsutism
David A. Ehrmann


388 Menopause and Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy
JoAnn E. Manson, Shari S. Bassuk


389 Infertility and Contraception
Janet E. Hall


390 Sexual Dysfunction
Kevin T. McVary


391 Women's Health
Andrea Dunaif


392 Men's Health
Shalender Bhasin, Shehzad Basaria


393 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Health
Baligh R. Yehia, Harvey J. Makadon

Section 3: Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Metabolic Syndrome

394 Pathobiology of Obesity
Jeffrey S. Flier, Eleftheria Maratos-Flier


395 Evaluation and Management of Obesity
Robert F. Kushner


396 Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnosis, Classification, and Pathophysiology
Alvin C. Powers, Kevin D. Niswender, Carmella Evans-Molina


397 Diabetes Mellitus: Management and Therapies
Alvin C. Powers, Kevin D. Niswender, Michael R. Rickels


398 Diabetes Mellitus: Complications
Alvin C. Powers, John M. Stafford, Michael R. Rickels


399 Hypoglycemia
Philip E. Cryer, Stephen N. Davis


400 Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism
Daniel J. Rader, Sekar Kathiresan


401 The Metabolic Syndrome
Robert H. Eckel

Section 4: Disorders of Bone and Mineral Metabolism

402 Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Health and Disease
F. Richard Bringhurst, Marie B. Demay, Henry M. Kronenberg


403 Disorders of the Parathyroid Gland and Calcium Homeostasis
John T. Potts, Jr., Harald Juppner


404 Osteoporosis
Robert Lindsay, Felicia Cosman


405 Paget's Disease and Other Dysplasias of Bone
Murray J. Favus, Tamara J. Vokes

Section 5: Disorders of Intermediary Metabolism

406 Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue
Darwin J. Prockop, John F. Bateman


407 Hemochromatosis
Lawrie W. Powell


408 Wilson's Disease
George J. Brewer


409 The Porphyrias
Robert J. Desnick, Manisha Balwani


410 Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
John N. Mecchella, Christopher M. Burns


411 Lysosomal Storage Diseases
Robert J. Hopkin, Gregory A. Grabowski


412 Glycogen Storage Diseases and Other Inherited Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism
Priya S. Kishnani, Yuan-Tsong Chen


413 Inherited Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism in Adults
Nicola Longo


414 Inherited Defects of Membrane Transport
Nicola Longo

Part 13: Neurologic Disorders

Section 1: Diagnosis of Neurologic Disorders

415 Approach to the Patient with Neurologic Disease
Daniel H. Lowenstein, Joseph B. Martin, Stephen L. Hauser


416 Neuroimaging in Neurologic Disorders
William P. Dillon


417 Pathobiology of Neurologic Diseases
Stephen L. Hauser, Arnold R. Kriegstein, Stanley B. Prusiner

Section 2: Diseases of the Central Nervous System

418 Seizures and Epilepsy
Daniel H. Lowenstein


419 Cerebrovascular Diseases
Wade S. Smith, S. Claiborne Johnston, J. Claude Hemphill, III


420 Ischemic Stroke
Wade S. Smith, S. Claiborne Johnston, J. Claude Hemphill, III


421 Intracranial Hemorrhage
Wade S. Smith, J. Claude Hemphill, III, S. Claiborne Johnston


422 Migraine and Other Primary Headache Disorders
Peter J. Goadsby


423 Alzheimer's Disease
William W. Seeley, Bruce L. Miller


424 Frontotemporal Dementia
William W. Seeley, Bruce L. Miller


425 Vascular Dementia
Joel H. Kramer, William W. Seeley, Bruce L. Miller


426 Dementia with Lewy Bodies
William W. Seeley, Caroline M. Tanner, Bruce L. Miller


427 Parkinson's Disease
C. Warren Olanow, Christine Klein, Anthony H. V. Schapira


428 Tremor, Chorea, and Other Movement Disorders
C. Warren Olanow, Christine Klein, Jose A. Obeso


429 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases
Robert H. Brown, Jr.


430 Prion Diseases
Stanley B. Prusiner, Bruce L. Miller


431 Ataxic Disorders
Roger N. Rosenberg


432 Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System
Christopher H. Gibbons, John W. Engstrom


433 Trigeminal Neuralgia, Bell's Palsy, and Other Cranial Nerve Disorders
M. Flint Beal, Stephen L. Hauser


434 Diseases of the Spinal Cord
Stephen L. Hauser


435 Concussion and Other Traumatic Brain Injuries
Geoffrey T. Manley, Stephen L. Hauser, Michael McCrea


436 Multiple Sclerosis
Bruce A. C. Cree, Stephen L. Hauser


437 Neuromyelitis Optica
Bruce A. C. Cree, Stephen L. Hauser

Section 3: Nerve and Muscle Disorders

438 Peripheral Neuropathy
Anthony A. Amato, Richard J. Barohn


439 Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Other Immune-Mediated Neuropathies
Stephen L. Hauser, Anthony A. Amato


440 Myasthenia Gravis and Other Diseases of the Neuromuscular Junction
Anthony A. Amato


441 Muscular Dystrophies and Other Muscle Diseases
Anthony A. Amato, Robert H. Brown, Jr.

Section 4: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

442 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Gijs Bleijenberg, Jos W. M. van der Meer

Section 5: Psychiatric and Addiction Disorders

443 Biology of Psychiatric Disorders
Robert O. Messing, Eric J. Nestler, Matthew W. State


444 Psychiatric Disorders
Victor I. Reus


445 Alcohol and Alcohol Use Disorders
Marc A. Schuckit


446 Opioid-Related Disorders
Thomas R. Kosten, Colin N. Haile


447 Cocaine and Other Commonly Used Drugs
Karran A. Phillips, Antonello Bonci


448 Nicotine Addiction
David M. Burns

Part 14: Poisoning, Drug Overdose, and Envenomation

449 Heavy Metal Poisoning
Howard Hu


450 Poisoning and Drug Overdose
Mark B. Mycyk


451 Disorders Caused by Venomous Snakebites and Marine Animal Exposures
Charles Lei, Kirsten B. Hornbeak, Paul S. Auerbach, Robert L. Norris


452 Ectoparasite Infestations and Arthropod Injuries
Richard J. Pollack, Scott A. Norton

Part 15: Disorders Associated with Environmental Exposures

453 Altitude Illness
Buddha Basnyat, Geoffrey Tabin


454 Hypothermia and Peripheral Cold Injuries
Daniel F. Danzl


455 Heat-Related Illnesses
Daniel F. Danzl

Part 16: Genes, the Environment, and Disease

456 Principles of Human Genetics
J. Larry Jameson, Peter Kopp


457 The Practice of Genetics in Clinical Medicine
Susan M. Domchek, J. Larry Jameson, Susan Miesfeldt


458 Gene and Cell Based Therapy in Clinical Medicine
Katherine A. High, Malcolm K. Brenner


459 The Human Microbiome
Neeraj K. Surana, Dennis L. Kasper

Part 17: Global Medicine

460 Global Issues in Medicine
Joseph J. Rhatigan, Paul Farmer


461 Worldwide Changes in Patterns of Infectious Disease
George W. Rutherford, Jaime Sepulveda


462 Primary Care and Global Health
Tim Evans, Kumanan Rasanathan

Part 18: Aging

463 The Biology of Aging
Rafael de Cabo, David G. Le Couteur


464 Clinical Problems Associated with the Aging Process
Joseph G. Ouslander, Bernardo Reyes

Part 19: Consultative Medicine

465 Approach to Medical Consultation
Jack Ende, Jeffrey Berns


466 Medical Disorders During Pregnancy
Robert L. Barbieri, John T. Repke


467 Medical Evaluation of the Surgical Patient
Prashant Vaishnava, Kim A. Eagle

Part 20: Frontiers

468 Behavioral Economics and Health
Kevin G. Volpp, George Loewenstein, David A. Asch


469 Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Health Approaches
Josephine P. Briggs


470 Telomere Disease
Rodrigo T. Calado, Neal S. Young


471 The Role of Epigenetics in Disease and Treatment
Brian C. Capell, Shelley L. Berger


472 Mitochondrial DNA and Heritable Traits and Diseases
Karl L. Skorecki, Bruce H. Cohen


473 Applications of Stem Cell Biology in Clinical Medicine
John A. Kessler


474 Microbial Genomics and Infectious Disease
Roby P. Bhattacharyya, Yonatan H. Grad, Deborah T. Hung


475 The Role of Circadian Biology in Health and Disease
Jonathan Cedernaes, Kathryn Moynihan Ramsey, Joseph Bass


476 Network Medicine: Systems Biology in Health and Disease
Joseph Loscalzo


477 Emerging Neurotherapeutic Technologies
Jyoti Mishra, Karunesh Ganguly

Online Chapters
The following chapters are available online. They can be viewed at www.accessmedicine.com.

Part 21: Video Collection

V1 Video Library of Gait Disorders
Gail Kang, Nicholas B. Galifianakis, Michael D. Geschwind


V2 Primary Progressive Aphasia, Memory Loss, and Other Focal Cerebral Disorders
Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini, Jennifer Ogar, Joel Kramer, Bruce L. Miller, Gil Rabinovici, Maria Carmela Tartaglia


V3 Video Library of Neuro-Ophthalmology
Jonathan C. Horton


V4 Examination of the Comatose Patient
S. Andrew Josephson


V5 Video Atlas of Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Lesions
Louis Michel Wong Kee Song, Mark Topazian


V6 The Neurologic Screening Exam
Daniel H. Lowenstein


V7 Video Atlas of the Detailed Neurologic Examination
Martin A. Samuels


Part 22: Supplementary Topics

S1 Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances and Acid-Base Disturbances: Case Examples
David B. Mount, Thomas D. DuBose, Jr.


S2 Microbial Bioterrorism
H. Clifford Lane, Anthony S. Fauci


S3 Chemical Terrorism
Jonathan Newmark, James A. Romano, Jr.


S4 Radiation Terrorism
Christine E. Hill-Kayser, Eli Glatstein, Zelig A. Tochner


S5 Infections in War Veterans
Andrew W. Artenstein


S6 Health Care for Military Veterans
Stephen C. Hunt, Charles W. Hoge


S7 Primary Immunodeficiencies Associated with (or Secondary to) Other Diseases
Alain Fischer


S8 Cardiac Trauma
Eric H. Awtry


S9 Technique of Lumbar Puncture
Elizabeth Robbins, Stephen L. Hauser


S10 Classification of the Spinocerebellar Ataxias
Roger N. Rosenberg


S11 Hyperbaric and Diving Medicine
Michael H. Bennett, Simon J. Mitchell


S12 The Clinical Laboratory in Modern Health Care
Anthony A. Killeen


S13 Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
Alexander J. McAdam, Andrew B. Onderdonk


S14 Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections
Sharon L. Reed, Charles E. Davis

Part 23: Atlases

A1 Atlas of Rashes Associated with Fever
Kenneth M. Kaye, Elaine T. Kaye


A2 Atlas of Oral Manifestations of Disease
Samuel C. Durso, Janet A. Yellowitz


A3 Atlas of Urinary Sediments and Renal Biopsies
Agnes B. Fogo, Eric G. Neilson


A4 Atlas of Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease
Thomas J. Lawley, Benjamin K. Stoff, Calvin O. McCall


A5 Atlas of Hematology
Dan L. Longo


A6 Atlas of Blood Smears of Malaria and Babesiosis
Nicholas J. White, Joel G. Breman


A7 Atlas of Electrocardiography
Ary L. Goldberger


A8 Atlas of Noninvasive Imaging
Marcelo F. Di Carli, Raymond Y. Kwong, Scott D. Solomon


A9 Atlas of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Ary L. Goldberger


A10 Atlas of Atherosclerosis
Peter Libby


A11 Atlas of Percutaneous Revascularization
Jane A. Leopold, Deepak L. Bhatt, David P. Faxon


A12 Atlas of Chest Imaging
Patricia A. Kritek, John J. Reilly, Jr.


A13 Atlas of Liver Biopsies
Jules L. Dienstag, Atul K. Bhan


A14 Atlas of the Vasculitic Syndromes
Carol A. Langford, Anthony S. Fauci


A15 Atlas of Clinical Manifestations of Metabolic Diseases
J. Larry Jameson


A16 Atlas of Neuroimaging
Andre D. Furtado, Luciano Villarinho, William P. Dillon


IndexI-1

About the Author

C.F. Kettering Professor of Medicine, Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL. Anthony S. Fauci, MDChief, Laboratory of ImmunoregulationDirector, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of Health. In 2008, Dr. Fauci was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Nation's highest civil award. Dennis L. Kasper, MD, MA (Hon)William Ellery Channing Professor of MedicineProfessor of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsExecutive Dean for Academic ProgramsHarvard Medical SchoolDirector, Channing LaboratoryDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital Stephen L. Hauser, MDChairman and Betty Anker Fife ProfessorDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of California, San Francisco Dan L. Longo, MDScientific DirectorNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesda, Maryland Hersey Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chairman, Department of Medicine; Physician-in-Chief, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts