Preface ix
1. History and Terminology of Crude Oil 1
1.1 Historical Perspectives 3
1.2 Modern Perspectives 14
1.3 Oil Companies 15
1.4 Definitions and Terminology 17
1.5 References 28
2. Origin and Occurrence of Oil 31
2.1 The Formation of Oil 35
2.2 Reservoirs 36
2.3 Reservoir Classification 45
2.4 Reservoir Evaluation 49
2.5 Estimation of Reserves in Place 52
2.6 Reserves 55
2.7 References 62
3. Exploration, Recovery, and Transportation 65
3.1 Exploration 66
3.2 Drilling 70
3.3 Recovery 75
3.4 Bitumen Recovery 86
3.5 Transportation 91
3.6 Products and Product Quality 97
3.7 References 100
4. Crude Oil Classification and Benchmarks 103
4.1 Crude Oil Classification 105
4.2 Classification of Reserves 111
4.3 Benchmark Crude Oils 126
4.4 References 132
5. The Petroleum Culture 135
5.1 The Petroleum Culture 138
5.2 Oil in Perspective 138
5.3 The Seven Sisters 145
5.4 Reserve Estimates 148
5.5 References 156
6. Oil Prices 159
6.1 Oil Price History 161
6.2 Pricing Strategies 164
6.3 Oil Price and Analysis 168
6.4 The Anatomy of Crude Oil Prices 172
6.5 The Anatomy of Gasoline Prices 175
6.6 Effect of Refining Capacity 178
6.7 Outlook 187
6.8 References 191
7. The Crude Oil Market 193
7.1 The Crude Oil Market 195
7.2 Global Oil Consumption 199
7.3 Refining and The Markets 205
7.4 Profitability 211
7.5 References 212
8. Oil Supply 215
8.1 Physical Factors 216
8.2 Technological Factors 220
8.3 Economic Factors 223
8.4 Geopolitical Factors 228
8.5 Peak Oil231
8.6 The Impact of Heavy Oil and Tar Sand Bitumen 237
8.7 References 242
9. The Future 245
9.1 Undiscovered Oil 249
9.2 Coal 252
9.3 Oil Shale 255
9.4 Liquids from Biomass 260
9.5 Energy Independence 264
9.6 Energy Security 270
9.7 References 275
Conversion Factors 281
Glossary 283
Index 311
James G. Speight is a senior fuel consultant and VisitingProfessor at the University of Trinidad and Tobago and AdjunctProfessor of Chemical and Fuels Engineering at the University ofUtah, USA. He is recognized internationally as an expert in thecharacterization, properties, and processing of conventional andsynthetic fuels and as a chemist with more than 35 years ofexperience in the process industries. He is the author ofnumerous books and papers, the senior editor on one journal, and hehas won numerous awards and distinctions.
“This is an important book. It is clearly destined to become one of the very best accounts of the financial crisis -- it is clear, concise and very readable. Its deep theoretical understanding of the issues is combined with the best short account of the historical evolution of the capitalist financial system that I have encountered. The result is a sophisticated and accessible analysis of how a better financial system might be constructed." -- Geoffrey Ingham, University of Cambridge
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