Table of Contents

About eBookPLUS and studyON vi Acknowledgements vii Unit 3 Australia's health 1 Chapter 1 Health of Australians 2 1.1 Understanding health 4 1.2 Measuring health status 9 1.3 Mortality 12 1.4 Morbidity 17 1.5 Burden of disease 23 1.6 The health status of Australians compared to other developed nations 28 KEY SKILLS Health of Australians 35 Chapter 1 review 38 Chapter 2 The determinants of health 42 2.1 The determinants of health -- an introduction 44 2.2 Biological determinants: body weight, blood pressure and blood cholesterol 47 2.3 Biological determinants: glucose regulation and birth weight 51 2.4 Biological determinants: genetics 54 2.5 Behavioural determinants: drug use 58 2.6 Behavioural determinants: physical activity and dietary behaviour 63 2.7 Behavioural determinants: sexual behaviour, vaccination behaviour and risk-taking behaviour 66 2.8 Physical environment determinants 70 2.9 Social determinants: socioeconomic status, employment and unemployment 77 2.10 Social determinants: social exclusion and social isolation 83 2.11 Social determinants: stress, food security, early life experiences and access to health care 86 Chapter 2 review 91 Chapter 3 Variations in health within Australia 96 3.1 Variations in health within Australia 98 3.2 Variations in health status: males and females 107 3.3 Variations in health status: socioeconomic status groups 114 3.4 Variations in health status: rural and remote populations 121 Key SKILLS Variations in health within Australia 127 Chapter 3 review 132 Chapter 4 The National Health Priority Areas (NHPAs) 134 4.1 National Health Priority Areas (NHPAs) 136 4.2 Obesity 141 4.3 Cardiovascular health 149 4.4 Arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions 157 4.5 Injury prevention and control 165 4.6 Mental health 171 4.7 Cancer control 178 4.8 Diabetes mellitus 186 4.9 Asthma 193 4.10 Dementia 199 KEY SKILLS The National Health Priority Areas (NHPAs) 206 Chapter 4 review 208 Chapter 5 Nutrition and the NHPAs 212 5.1 The nutrients and the NHPAs: carbohydrates (including fibre) and protein 214 5.2 The nutrients and the NHPAs: fats and water 218 5.3 The nutrients and the NHPAs: calcium, phosphorus, sodium and vitamin D 222 5.4 The role of nutrients in addressing the NHPAs 225 KEY SKILLS Nutrition and the NHPAs 227 Chapter 5 review 229 Chapter 6 Health care in Australia 232 6.1 Approaches to health care 234 6.2 The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion 239 6.3 The role of VicHealth 247 6.4 The federal government's responsibility for health 251 6.5 State and local governments' responsibility for health 258 6.6 Private health insurance and health system funding 261 6.7 The values that underpin the Australian health system 266 KEY SKILLS Health care in Australia 270 Chapter 6 review 276 Chapter 7 Promoting healthy eating in Australia 278 7.1 The role of governments in promoting healthy eating 280 7.2 Dietary Guidelines and the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating 285 7.3 The role of non-government agencies in providing dietary advice 295 KEY SKILLS Promoting healthy eating in Australia 300 Chapter 7 review 302 Unit 4 Global health and human development 303 Chapter 8 Global health and human development 304 8.1 Characteristics of developed and developing countries 306 8.2 Classifying countries 311 8.3 Key health indicators in developing countries and Australia 320 8.4 The influence of income and gender equality on health status and human development globally 327 8.5 The influence of peace, political stability and access to health care on health status and human development globally 332 8.6 The influence of education and the physical environment on health status and human development globally 338 8.7 The influence of global marketing on health status and human development globally 344 KEY SKILLS Global health and human development 348 Chapter 8 review 353 Chapter 9 Sustainable Development Goals ONLINE ONLY 360 Chapter 10 Australian and international aid agencies 362 10.1 The interrelationships between health, human development and sustainability 364 10.2 What is aid? 369 10.3 The Australian government's aid priorities 372 10.4 The United Nations 382 10.5 World Health Organization (WHO) 392 10.6 Australian NGOs that promote global health and sustainable human development: World Vision 401 10.7 Australian NGOs that promote global health and sustainable human development: Australian Red Cross 404 10.8 Australian NGOs that promote global health and sustainable human development: Oxfam Australia 407 KEY SKILLS Australian and international aid agencies 410 Chapter 10 review 419 Chapter 11 Addressing global health issues 424 11.1 Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries: literacy 426 11.2 Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries: food security 431 11.3 Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries: HIV/AIDS 436 11.4 Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries: malaria 442 11.5 Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries: immunisation 448 11.6 Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries: water and sanitation 453 KEY SKILLS Addressing global health issues 458 Chapter 11 review 466 Index 470