Table of Contents

* New to this edition
Preface
PART I: BEGINNING PHILOSOPHY
1: Plato, "The Trial of Socrates"
Box: Jonathan Harrison, "God's Commands and Man's Duties"
2: Stanley Milgram, "Obedience to Authority"
Box: Patrick Nowell-Smith, "Morality, Obedience, and Religion"
PART II: WHERE AND WHEN
3: Edwin Abbott, "Flatland"
4: Daniel Kolak and David Goloff, "The Incredible Shrinking Zeno"
5: Daniel C. Dennett, "Where Am I?"
* Box: Daniel C. Dennett, "What It Is to Be a Subject"
6: Albert Einstein, "On the Idea of Time in Physics"
Box: Paul Davies, "What Time Is It on Mars?"
7: Kadri Vihvelin, "Time Travel: The Rules of the Road"
PART III: WHO
8: Daniel Kolak, "The Man Who Mistook Himself for the World"
* Box: Adrienne Rich, "The Liar Fears the Void"
9: Buddha, "On Having No Self"
Box: Walpola Rahula, "Nirvana"
Box: Edward Conze, "Nirvana"
10: René Descartes, "On Self and Substance"
11: John Locke, "Personal Identity"
12: David Hume, "Personal Identity"
13: Thomas Reid, "Critique of Locke and Hume on Behalf of Common Sense"
Box: Alasdair MacIntyre, "Narration and Personal Identity"
14: Raymond Martin, "Personal Identity from Plato to Parfit"
15: Adam/Linda Parascandola, "Trans or Me?"
* Box: Jane Flax, "Patriarchy"
PART IV: FREEDOM
* 16: Augustine, "Freedom of the Will"
17: Baron Holbach, "The Illusion of Free Will"
18: David Hume, "Liberty and Necessity"
Box: C. A. Campbell, "The Self and Free Will"
19: William James, "The Dilemma of Determinism"
* Box: Marcus Aurelius, "Be Master of Yourself"
20: G. E. Moore, "Free Will"
21: Richard Taylor, "Freedom and Determinism"
Box: Clarence Darrow, "Defense of Leopold and Loeb"
22: Jean-Paul Sartre, "Existentialism and Human Freedom"
PART V: KNOWLEDGE
23: Plato, "Knowledge"
24: René Descartes, "Meditations"
* Box: Vincent Hendricks, "The Chastity of the Intellect: Santayana's Blessing"
25: John Locke, "Where Our Ideas Come From"
26: George Berkeley, "To Be Is to Be Perceived"
27: Bertrand Russell, "Perception, Knowledge, and Induction"
* Box: Jaakko Hintikka, "Sexy Epistemology"
28: D. M. Armstrong, "The Infinite Regress of Reasons"
PART VI: GOD
29: Anselm, "The Ontological Argument"
Box: Immanuel Kant, "Existence Is Not a Predicate"
30: Thomas Aquinas, "The Five Ways and the Doctrine of Analogy"
31: Blaise Pascal, "The Wager"
Box: G. W. F. von Leibniz, "Proving God"
32: W. K. Clifford, "The Ethics of Belief"
Box: Sigmund Freud, "Religion as Wish Fulfillment"
Box: Karl Marx, "The Opium of the People"
33: William James, "The Will to Believe"
Box: William James, "On the Ultimate Insecurity"
Box: Shree Rajneesh, "On the Corpse of a Buddha, Religion Stands"
Box: Abraham Maslow, "The History of Mysticism"
34: David Hume, "God and Evil"
Box: John Hick's View, "A World Without Suffering and Misfortune"
Box: Genesis, "Abraham and Issac"
Box: Walter Stace, "Mystical Experience vs. Religious Visions"
35: Robert Merrihew Adams, "Must God Create the Best?"
Box: William J. Wainwright, "God's Compassion"
36: Raymond Martin, "The Elusive Messiah"
Box: Nancy Murphy, "The Historian as Philosopher"
Box: Morton Smith, "Historical Method in the Study of Religion"
Box: John Hick, "Lucky to Be Born into the True Religion?"
* 37: Alvin Plantinga and Daniel Kolak, "Philosophy, the Bible, and God: A Debate"
* Box: Naomi Goldenberg, "The Pope Against Women Priests"
38: Kwasi Wiredu, "Religion from an African Perspective"
* 39: Georges Rey, "Does Anyone Really Believe in God?"
PART VII: REALITY
40: David Hume, "Causation, Reality, and Fiction"
41: Albert Einstein, "Considerations on the Universe as a Whole"
* Box: John D. Barrow, "Theory of Everything but Snowflakes"
42: Ludwig Wittgenstein, "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus"
43: Robert Nozick, "Fiction"
* Box: Paul Davies, "Schizophrenia with a Vengeance"
44: Daniel Kolak, "Quantum Cosmology, the Anthropic Principle, and Why Is There Something Rather than Nothing?"
Box: Steven Weinberg, "The First Hundredth of a Second"
Box: Paul Davies, "Is the Universe a Free Lunch?"
Box: John Bell, "On Hume and Quantum Mechanics"
Box: David Bohm, "On Philosophy"
Box: Albert Einstein, "On Kant and Comprehensibility"
Box: Daniel Kolak, "Grand Unification Theories (GUTs) and the End of the World"
Box: Stephen Hawking, "On Wittgenstein, Philosophy, and God"
Box: John Wheeler, "On Bohr, Philosophy, and Meaning"
Box: John D. Barrow and Frank J. Tipler, "The Anthropic Principle"
45: Derek Parfit, "The Puzzle of Reality: Why Does the Universe Exist?"
Box: Freeman Dyson, "Mind and Physics"
Box: Albert Einstein, "Cosmic Religious Feeling"
PART VIII: EXPERIENCE
46: Thomas Hobbes, "Of Sense and Imagination"
47: John Locke, "Experience and Understanding"
48: David Hume, "The Senses"
49: Immanuel Kant: "Percepts and Concepts"
* 50: Fred Dretske, "How Do You Know That You Are Not a Zombie?"
51: Garrett Thomson and Philip Turetzky, "A Simple Guide to Contemporary Philosophy of Mind"
* 52: David Reisman, "Sartre on Consciousness and the Body: The Look"
PART IX: CONSCIOUSNESS
53: Richard Dawkins, "The Selfish Gene"
Box: Richard Thomas, "The Self as Community"
54: Arnold Zuboff, "The Story of a Brain"
55: Thomas Nagel, "What Is It Like to Be a Bat?"
56: Frank Jackson, "Epiphenomenal Qualia"
57: Paul Churchland, "Reduction, Qualia, and the Direct Introspection of Brain States"
* 58: Paul Teller, "Subjectivity"
PART X: DEATH
59: Plato, "Death and Immortality"
Box: John Hick, "Plato's Legacy"
Box: The Catholic Encyclopaedia, "The Truth About the Soul"
Box: Antony Flew, "The Cartesian Assumption"
60: David Hume, "Of the Immortality of the Soul"
61: Raymond Martin, "Survival of Bodily Death: A Question of Values"
Box: C. J. Ducasse, "Remembrances of Past Lives"
Box: Paul Edwards, "Karmic Tribulations"
Box: John Beloff, "Beyond Death"
Box: A. J. Ayer, "What I Saw When I Was Dead"
Box: Peter van Inwagen, "Resurrection"
62: Thomas W. Clark, "Death, Nothingness, and Subjectivity"
Box: Robert Nozick, "Why Are Traces Important?"
Box: Epicurus, "The Evil of Death"
Box: "A Tibetan Buddhist Experience of Death"
63: Daniel Kolak, "The Wine Is in the Glass"
PART XI: MEANING
64: Leo Tolstoy, "My Confession"
65: Albert Camus, "The Myth of Sisyphus"
* Box: Daniel Kolak and Raymond Martin, "Values"
66: Richard Taylor, "Is Life Meaningful?"
67: Raymond Martin, "A Fast Car and a Good Woman"
Box: Thomas Nagel, "Death"
* Box: Friedrich Nietzsche, "Truth Be a Woman"
PART XII: ETHICS
68: Immanuel Kant, "The Categorical Imperative"
Box: Epictetus, "What Is in Our Power"
69: John Stuart Mill, "Utilitarianism"
70: Jonathan Bennett, "The Conscience of Huckleberry Finn"
* 71: Clea F. Rees, "Reclaiming the Conscience of Huckleberry Finn"
* 72: Padmasiri de Silva, "Buddhist Ethics"
* 73: Daniel Kolak, "Morality and the Problem of the Other: From Sidgwick to Rawls and Parfit"
PART XIII: VALUES AND SOCIETY
74: Plato, "The Myth of Gyges's Ring"
75: Aristotle, "Virtue and Character"
Box: Thomas Hobbes, "On Egotism"
76: Mary Wollstonecraft, "The Rights of Women"
* Box: Nancy Hartsock, "Feminism"
* Box: Sherry B. Ortner, "Female Subordination"
77: Friedrich Nietzsche, "Beyond Good and Evil"
Box: Jiddu Krishnamurti, "Revolt"
78: G. E. Moore, "Intrinsic Value"
79: J. S. Mill, "On Liberty"
* 80: Karl Marx, "Alienation and the Power of Money"
* 81: Anand Chandavarkar, "Philosophy and Economics: Issues and Questions"
Epilogue: Inconclusive Philosophical Postscript
82: Bertrand Russell, "The Value of Philosophy"
83: Robert Nozick, "A Portrait of the Philosopher as a Young Man"
84: Freeman Dyson, "On Becoming a Philosopher"
* 85: Vincent Hendricks, "Feisty Fragments"
Glossary: