Table of Contents

Introduction
List of Contributors

The Case for Lethal Autonomous Weapons

Chapter One: Fire and Forget: A Moral Defense of the Use of Autonomous Weapons Systems in War and Peace
Duncan MacIntosh
Chapter Two: The Robot Dogs of War
Deane-Peter Baker
Chapter Three: Understanding AI & Autonomy: Problematizing the Meaningful Human Control Argument Against Killer Robots
Tim McFarland & Jai Galliott
Chapter Four: The Humanitarian Imperative For Minimally-Just AI In Weapons
Jason Scholz and Jai Galliott

Humans, Robots & Values

Chapter Five: Programming Precision? Requiring Robust Transparency for AWS
Steven J. Barela & Avery Plaw
Chapter Six: May Machines Take Lives to Save Lives? Human Perceptions of Autonomous Robots (with the Capacity to Kill)
Matthias Scheutz and Bertram F. Malle
Chapter Seven: The Better Instincts of Humanity: Humanitarian Arguments in Defense of International Arms Control
Natalia Jevglevskaja and Rain Liivoja
Chapter Eight: Toward a Positive Statement of Ethical Principles for Military AI
Jai Galliott
Chapter Nine: Empirical Data on Attitudes Towards Autonomous Systems
Jai Galliott, Bianca Baggiarini, Sean Rupka

The Rationality of Automaticity

Chapter Ten: The Automation of Authority: Discrepancies with Jus Ad Bellum Principles
Donovan Phillips
Chapter Eleven: Autonomous Weapons and the Future of Armed Conflict
Alex Leveringhaus
Chapter Twelve: Autonomous Weapons and Reactive Attitudes
Jens David Ohlin
Chapter Thirteen: Blind brains and moral machines: neuroscience and autonomous weapon systems
Nicholas G. Evans

Developing Meaningful Human Control

Chapter Fourteen: Enforced Transparency: A Solution to Autonomous Weapons as Potentially Uncontrollable Weapons Similar to Bioweapons
Armin Krishnan
Chapter 15: Normative Epistemology for Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems
Kate Devitt
Chapter Sixteen: Proposing a regional normative framework for limiting the potential for unintentional or escalatory engagements with increasingly autonomous weapon systems.
Austin Wyatt and Jai Galliott
Chapter Seventeen: The Human Role in Autonomous Weapon Design and Deployment
M.L. Cummings

About the Author

Jai Galliott is Director of the Values in Defence & Security Technology Group at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Non-Residential Fellow at the Modern War Institute at the United States Military Academy, West Point and Visiting Fellow in The Centre for Technology and Global Affairs at the University of Oxford. Dr Galliott has developed a reputation as one of the foremost experts on the socio-ethical implications of artificial
intelligence (AI) and is regarded as an internationally respected scholar on the ethical, legal and strategic issues associated with the employment of emerging technologies, including cyber systems, autonomous vehicles and soldier
augmentation

Duncan MacIntosh is a Professor of Philosophy and Department Chair at Dalhousie University. Professor MacIntosh works in metaethics, decision and action theory, metaphysics, philosophy of language, epistemology, and philosophy of science. He has written on desire-based theories of rationality, the relationship between rationality and time, the reducibility of morality to rationality, modeling morality and rationality with the tools of action and game theory, scientific realism,
and a number of other topics.

Jens David Ohlin is Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at Cornell Law School. He specializes in international law and criminal law. He specifically focuses on the laws of war with special emphasis on the effects of new technology on the waging of warfare, including unmanned drones in the strategy of targeted killings, cyber-warfare, and the role of non-state actors in armed conflicts. He authored The Assault on International Law (2015).