Table of Contents

Part I Lifestyle Management and Prevention

of Cardiovascular Disease

Chapter 1: The Rationale for Intervention to Reduce

the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease James M. Rippe and Theodore J. Angelopoulos Chapter 2: Lifestyle Strategies for Risk Factor Reduction, Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease James M. Rippe and Theodore J. Angelopoulos Chapter 3: Physical Activity and Fitness in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Robert F. Zoeller Jr. Chapter 4: Clinical Strategies for Managing Dyslipidemias Ulf G. Bronas, Mary Hannan, and Arthur S. Leon Chapter 5: Lifestyle Management and Prevention of Hypertension Ulf G. Bronas, Mary Hannan, and Arthur S. Leon Part II Nutritional Aspects of Lifestyle Medicineart II: Nutritional Aspects of Life Chapter 6: The Concept of Nutritional Status and Its Measurement Johanna Dwyer and Regan L Bailey Chapter 7: Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015-2020: National Nutrition Guidelines Elizabeth B. Rahavi, Jean M. Altman, and Eve E. Stoody Chapter 8: Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease James M. Rippe Chapter 9: Optimal Nutrition Guidance for Older Adults Alice H. Lichtenstein Chapter 10: Effects of an Active Lifestyle on Water Balance and Water Requirements Gethin H Evans, Ronald J Maughan, and Susan M Shirreffs Part III Physical Activity Part III: Physical Activity Chapter 11: Implementation of the Exercise Prescription Rachele M Pojednic, Caroline R Loveland, and Sarah Jones Chapter 12: What Physicians Need to Know, Do, and Say to Promote Physical Activity Mary Kennedy Chapter 13: Physical Fitness Evaluation Peter Kokkinos and Jonathan Myers Chapter 14: Exercise Prescription for Apparently Healthy Individuals and for Special Populations Paul G. Davis Part IV Behavioral Medicine Part IV: Behavioral Medicine Chapter 15: Behavior Change Elizabeth Pegg Frates and James E. Eubanks Chapter 16: Applying Psychological Theories to Promote Healthy Lifestyles Maryam Gholami, Cassandra Herman, Cole Ainsworth, Dori Pekmezi, and Sarah Linke Chapter 17: Motivational Interviewing and Lifestyle Change Peter Fifield, Joji Suzuki, Samantha Minski, and Jennifer Carty Chapter 18: Transtheoretical Model James O. Prochaska and Janice Prochaska Chapter 19: The Impact of Positive Psychology on Behavioral Change and Healthy Lifestyle Choices Shelley Carson, Andrea Cook, Stephanie Peabody, Sandra Scheinbaum, and Leslie Williamson Chapter 20: The Intention-Behavior Gap Mark D. Faries and Wesley C. Kephart Chapter 21: Cognitive and Behavioral Approaches to Enhancing Physical Activity Participation and Decreasing Sedentary Behavior Barbara A. Stetson and Patricia M. Dubbert Chapter 22: Enhancing the Nutrition Prescription Using Behavioral Approaches Margaret Loeper Vasquez, Jenny Sunghyun Lee, Daniel B. Clarke, and P. Michael Stone Chapter 23: Behavioral Approaches to Manage Stress Elise Loiselle, Darshan Mehta, and Jacqueline Proszynski Chapter 24: Health Coaching and Behavior Change Karen L. Lawson, Margaret Moore, Matthew M. Clark, Sara Link, and Ruth Wolever Chapter 25: Digital Health Technology for Behavior Change Jeffrey Krauss, Patricia Zheng, Courtenay Stewart, and Mark Berman Part V Women's HealthPart V: Women' s Health Chapter 26: Breast Health: Lifestyle Modification for Risk Reduction Beth Baughman DuPree and Jodi Hutchinson PA-C Chapter 27: Sports and Physical Activity for Women and Girls Elizabeth Joy Part VI Endocrinology and Metabolism art VI: Endocrinology and Metabolism Chapter 28: Impact of Lifestyle Medicine on Dysglycemia-Based Chronic Disease Michael A. Via and Jeffrey I. Mechanick Chapter 29: Lifestyle Medicine and the Management of Prediabetes Karla I. Galaviz, Lisa Staimez, Lawrence S. Phillips, and Mary Beth Weber Chapter 30: Lifestyle Therapies for the Management of Diabetes Marion J. Franz Chapter 31: Implementing Nutritional Lifestyle Treatment Programs in Type 2 Diabetes George Guthrie Part VII Lifestyle Issues in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancerrt revention and Chapter 32: Diet and Cancer Prevention Cindy D. Davis and Sharon Ross Chapter 33: Lifestyle Approaches Targeting Obesity to Reduce Cancer Risk, Progression, and Recurrence Debora S. Bruno and Nathan A. Berger Chapter 34: Physical Activity and the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer Case H. Keltner and Heather R. Bowles Chapter 35: Nutrition Therapy for the Cancer Patient Sandeep (Anu) Kaur and Elaine Trujillo Part VIII Obesity and Weight Management art VIII: Obesity and Weight Management Chapter 36: Epidemiology of Adult Obesity R. Sue Day, Nattinee Jitnarin, Michelle L. Vidoni, Christopher Kaipust, and Austin L. Brown Chapter 37: Exercise Management for the Obese Patient John M. Jakicic, Renee J. Rogers, and Katherine A. Collins Chapter 38: Dietary Management of Overweight and Obesity Nina Crowley, Katherine R. Arlinghaus, and Eileen Stellefson Myers Chapter 39: Pharmacological Management of the Patient with Obesity Magdalena Pasarica and Nikhil V. Dhurandhar Chapter 40: Surgery for Severe Obesity Robert F. Kushner and Lisa M. Neff Chapter 41: Adiposity-based Chronic Disease a New Diagnostic Term Michael A. Via and Jeffrey I. Mechanick Chapter 42: Future Directions in Obesity and Weight Management Theodore K. Kyle Part IX Immunology and Infection DiseasePart IX: Immunology and Infectious Disease Chapter 43: Exercise, Inflammation, and Respiratory Infection Wesley D. Dudgeon, David C. Nieman, and Elizabeth Kelley Chapter 44: Chronic Exercise and Immunity Melissa M. Markofski, Paul M. Coen, and Michael G. Flynn Chapter 45: HIV and Exercise Jason R. Jaggers and Gregory A. Hand Chapter 46: Exercise, Aging, and Immunity Jeffrey A. Woods, Yi Sun, and Brandt D. PencePart X: Pulmonary Medicine Part X Pulmonary Medicine Chapter 47: Respiratory Symptoms Jeremy B. Richards and Richard M. Schwartzstein Chapter 48: Asthma David E. Ciccolella and Gilbert E. D'Alonzo Chapter 49: Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases Sunkaru Touray, Emil Tigas, and Nicholas S. Smyrnios Chapter 50: Venous Thromboembolic Disease Joseph Gallant and Ryan Shipe Chapter 51: Influenza Gail Scully Chapter 52: Indoor Air Quality Anthony C. Campagna and Dhruv Desai Part X Obstetrics and Gynecology Chapter 53: Antenatal Care-Nutrition and Lifestyle to Improve Conception and Pregnancy Outcomes Amanda McKinney Chapter 54: Exercise in Pregnancy Kristin Bixel and Christie Beck Chapter 55: Breast-FeedingJulia Head, Stephanie-Marie L. Jones, Marcie K. Richardson, and Angela Grone Chapter 56: Contraception Karen Carlson and Sadia Haider Chapter 57: Prevention, Screening, and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted InfectionsKaren Carlson Chapter 58: Menstrual Disorders and Menopause Amanda McKinney Chapter 59: Risk Reduction and Screening for Women's Cancers Amanda McKinney and Jo Marie Tran Janco Part XII Cardiovascular Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention Chapter 60: Medication Dosing and Adherence in Secondary Prevention Ozlem Bilen and Nanette K. Wenger Chapter 61: Using Digital Health Technology to Promote Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction in Secondary Prevention Neil F. Gordon, Richard D. Salmon, Mandy K. Salmon, and Prabakar Ponnusamy Joel W. Hughes and David Ede Chapter 62: Psychosocial Risk Factors as Modulators of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Secondary Prevention Joel W. Hughes and David Ede Chapter 63: A Patient's Perspective on the Keys to Longevity 40 Years after Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Joseph C. Piscatella Chapter 64: Lipid Management in Secondary Prevention Paul D. Thompson and Antonio B. Fernandez Chapter 65: Complementary Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Cardioprotective Medications in Primary/Secondary Prevention Xisui Shirley Chen and Philip Greenland Chapter 66: Counseling Cardiac Patients to Facilitate Behavior Change Lola A. Coke, Nancy Houston Miller, and Kathy Berra Chapter 67: Extreme Exercise and High Intensity Interval Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation Barry A. Franklin Chapter 68: Counseling Coronary Patients About Their Body Weight: Implications Regarding the Obesity Paradox Sergey Kachur, Carl J. Lavie, and Richard V. Milani Chapter 69: Vitamins and Supplements: Evidence in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease Jenna M. Holzhausen and Aaron D. Berman Chapter 70: Intensive Cardiac Rehabilitation: Evolution, Preliminary Outcomes, Considerations, and Future Directions Jenna Brinks and Amy Fowler Chapter 71: Alternative Models to Improve the Delivery and Impact of Cardiac Rehabilitation Randal J. Thomas, Robert Scales, and Regis Fernandes Chapter 72: Primordial/Primary Prevention: Implications and Challenges for Families and Children Laura L. Hayman and James Muchira ParPart XIII: Lifestyle Components of Pediatric Medicine Part XIII Lifestyle Components of Pediatric Medicine Chapter 73: Pediatric Lifestyle Medicine Jonathan R. Miller, Richard Boles, and Stephen R. Daniels Chapter 74: Life Course Approach to Prevention of Chronic Disease Katherine A. Sauder and Dana Dabelea Chapter 75: Cardiovascular Risk and Physical Activity in Children Lars Bo Andersen and Robert G. Murray Chapter 76: Cardiovascular Risk and Diet in Children Jessica L. Hildebrandt and Sarah C. Couch Chapter 77: Sleep and Obesity Prevention in Children and Adolescents Jill Landsbaugh Kaar and Stacey L. Simon Chapter 78: Childhood Obesity Jaime Moore and Matthew Allen Haemer Chapter 79: Identification and Management of Children with Dyslipidemia Julie A. Brothers and Stephen R. Daniels Chapter 80: Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment of Systemic Hypertension in Youth, Updates from the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guideline Carissa M. Baker-Smith and Samuel Gidding Chapter 81: Prevention of Osteoporosis in Children and Adolescents Heidi J. Kalkwarf Part XIV: The Practice of Lifestyle Medicine Parrt XIV The Practice of Lifestyle Medicine Chapter 82: Definition of Lifestyle Medicine George Guthrie Chapter 83: Health Provider Core Competencies in Lifestyle Medicine Liana Lianov Chapter 84: Lifestyle Medicine Clinical Processes Ingrid Edshteyn Chapter 85: Sleep as Medicine and Lifestyle Medicine for Optimal Sleep Virginia F. Gurley Chapter 86: Emotional Health and Stress Management Neil Nedley and Francisco E Ramirez Chapter 87: High-intensity Therapeutic Lifestyle Change John Kelly Chapter 88: Physician Health Practices and Lifestyle Medicine Erica Frank and Debora Holmesrt XV: Cardiovascular Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention Part XV Substance Abuse and Addiction Chapter 89: Introduction to Addiction Section Joji Suzuki, Elizabeth Pegg Frates, and Irena Matanovic Chapter 90: History of Alcohol and Opioid Use and Treatment in the United States Sanchit Maruti and Steven A. Adelman Chapter 91: Behavioral Approaches to Enhancing Smoking Cessation Joseph T. Ciccolo, Nicholas J. SantaBarbara, and Andrew M. Busch Chapter 92: Alcohol Use Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment Chwen-Yuen Angie Chen and Sara C. Slatkin Chapter 93: Diagnosis and Treatment of Opioid Use Disorders Joseph R. Volpicelli Chapter 94: Cannabis Use Disorder and Treatment Christina Aivadyan and Deborah Hasin Chapter 95: Smartphone-Based Technologies in Addiction Treatment Emily Wu and John Torous Chapter 96: Psychosocial Interventions for Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Saria El Haddad Medicine in Geriatrics Part XVI Lifestyle Medicine in Geriatrics Chapter 97: Lifestyle Medicine and the Older Population: Introductory Framework Arthur S. Leon and Charlotte A. Tate Chapter 98: Reducing Aging-associated Risk of Sarcopenia Arthur S. Leon Chapter 99: Aging-Associated Cognitive Decline and its Attenuation by Lifestyle Arthur S. Leon Chapter 100: Aging Successfully: Predictors and Pathways Debra J. Rose, Chapter 101: Role of Physical Activity in the Health and Wellbeing of Older Adults Andiara Schwingel and Wojtek J. Chodzko-Zajko XVII: Health Promotion Part XVII Health Promotion Chapter 102: Health Promotion Introduction By Dee Edington Chapter 103: Health Promotion: History and Emerging Trends M. Parkinson Chapter 104: The Employer's Role in Lifestyle Medicine Dexter Shurney Chapter 105: Why, How, and What in Leveraging the Value of Health Ron Loeppke Chapter 106: International Health & Lifestyle Wayne N. Burton Chapter 107: The Community as a Catalyst for Healthier Behaviors Jane Ellery and Peter Ellery Chapter 108: Motivation as Medicine Jennifer S. Pitts Chapter 109: Future Directions of Health Promotion: Role of the Physician Alyssa B. SchultzPart XVIII: Exercise Psychology Part XVIII Exercise Psychology Chapter 110: My, How Those Seedlings Have Grown: An Update on Mind/Body Interactions in the Exercise Domain Steven J. Petruzzello, Allyson G. Box, and Dakota G. Morales Chapter 111: Genetic Influences on Regular Exercise Behavior Matthijs D. van der Zee, Nienke Schutte, and Marleen H.M. de Moor Chapter 112: The Influence of Physical Activity on Brain Aging and Cognition: The Role of Cognitive Reserve, Thresholds for Decline, Genetic Influence, and the Investment Hypothesis Maureen K. Kayes and Bradley D. Hatfield Chapter 113: Physical Activity and Anxiety Katharina Gaudlitz, Brigitt-Leila von Lindenberger, and Andreas Stroehle Part XIX Injury Prevention Chapter 114: Physical Activity and Depression Kayla N. Fair and Chad D. RethorstPartXIX: Injury Prevention Chapter 115: Injuries and Lifestyle Medicine David A. Sleet Chapter 116: Traffic Injury Prevention: Strategies That Work Ann Dellinger, David A. Sleet, and Merissa A. Yellman Chapter 117: Review and Implementation of the CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain LeShaundra Cordier and Helen Kingery Chapter 118: Improving the Care of Young Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: CDC's Evidence- Based Pediatric Mild TBI Guideline Kelly Sarmiento, Angela Lumba-Brown, Matthew Breiding, Wayne Gordon, David Paulk, Kenneth Vitale, and David Sleet Chapter 119: Older Adult Falls: Epidemiology and Effective Injury Prevention Strategies Ann Dellinger, David A. Sleet, and Jeanne Nichols Chapter 120: Prevention of Suicidal Behavior Alex E. Crosby, Deborah M. Stone, and Kristin Holland Chapter 121: Unintentional Injuries to Disabled Persons: An Unrecognized Yet Preventable Problem Louis Hugo Francescutti, David Sleet, Linda Hill, and Henry Xiang XX Medicine Part XX Public Policy and Environmental Supports for Lifestyle Medicine Chapter 122: Lifestyle Medicine in an Era of Healthcare Reform- Seven Years of Healthcare Disruption: 2010- 2017 Aaron F. Hajart, Sandra Weisser, Gary B. Wilkerson, and Gregory W. Heath Chapter 123: Policy and Environmental Supports for Physical Activity and Active Living Elizabeth A. Dodson and Gregory W. Heath Chapter 124: Policy and Environmental Supports for Healthy Eating Charlene Schmidt, Emily Maddux, and Elizabeth Hathaway Chapter 125: Building Strategic Alliances to Promote Healthy Eating and Active Living Risa Wilkerson, Elizabeth A. Baker, Matt M. Longjohn, Kara Hamilton, Shewanee Howard- Baptiste, and Hahn Kori Chapter 126: Obesity and Health: For Lifestyle Medicine, Third Edition By James M. Rippe and Theodore J. Angelopoulos

About the Author

James Rippe, MD, is a graduate of Harvard College and Harvard Medical School with post graduate training at Massachusetts General Hospital. He is currently the Founder and Director of the Rippe Lifestyle Institute and Professor of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Central Florida. Over the past 25 years, Dr. Rippe has established and run the largest research organization in the world exploring how daily habits and actions impact short and long-term health and quality of life. This organization, Rippe Lifestyle Institute (RLI), has published hundreds of papers that form the scientific basis for the fields of lifestyle medicine and high performance health. RLI also conducts numerous studies every year on nutrition and healthy weight management. One recent research interest of the RLI team has been the metabolism and health effects of sugars. A lifelong and avid athlete, Dr. Rippe maintains his personal fitness with a regular walking, jogging, swimming, and weight training program. He holds a black belt in karate and is an avid wind surfer, skier, and tennis player. He lives outside of Boston with his wife, television news anchor Stephanie Hart, and their four children, Hart, Jaelin, Devon, and Jamie.