Table of Contents

Table of Contents Listening Examples Optional Listening Guides Preface Overture PART ONE: BASIC CONCEPTS Part One Opener Chapter 1. Sound Pitch Naming Pitches Notating Pitches Intervals Dynamics Listening Example 1. Richard Strauss: Introduction to Also sprach Zarathustra Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Encore Chapter 2. Rhythm Tempo Meter Listening Example 2. Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky: Russian Dance (Trepak) from The Nutcracker Conducting Patterns Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Encore Connection: Rhythm in the Music of Africa and India Chapter 3. Melody Melodic Types Scales Major and Minor Scales Tonic Note Chromatic Scale Whole-Tone Scale Pentatonic Scale Listening Example 3. Anonymous: "Amazing Grace" Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Encore Connection: Melody in China and in India Chapter 4. Harmony Chords Tonality Consonance and Dissonance Listening Example 4. Charles Ives: "London Bridge Is Fallen Down" from Old Home Days Suite Texture Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Encore Chapter 5. Timbre Vocal Timbres Instruments of the Orchestra String Instruments Woodwinds Brass Instruments Percussion Instruments Listening Example 5. Benjamin Britten: The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra Keyboard Instruments Harpsichord Piano Pipe Organ Electronic Instruments Electronic Synthesizer MIDI Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Encore Connection: Music Timbres around the World Chapter 6. Attending Performances Performance Procedures Orchestral Performances Orchestral Forms The Printed Program Band Performances Other Performances Chamber Music Choral Music Dance Musical Theater Jazz Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review PART TWO: ANCIENT GREECE, THE MIDDLE AGES, THE RENAISSANCE Part Two Opener Chapter 7. The Music of Ancient Greece Historical perspective Music in Greek Life The Greeks' Lasting Influence Music and Words Stories and Myths The Philosophy of Music Scientific Theories of Music Classicism versus Romanticism in Art An Interrupted Legacy Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Connection: Extramusical Perceptions in Several Cultures Chapter 8. Medieval Music Historical Perspective Artistic Style Early Christian Music Modes Further Characteristics of Medieval Music Gregorian Chant Listening Example 6. Alleluia: "Pascha nostrum" from the Dominica Resurrectionis for Easter Sunday. Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179) Listening Example 7. Hildegard of Bingen: "Nunc aperuit nobis" Rise of Polyphony The Fourteenth Century Artistic Style Music Secular Music Listening Example 8. Anon: "Sumer is icumen in" Sacred Music Guillaume de Machaut (ca. 1300-1377) Listening Example 9. Guillaume de Machaut: Gloria from the Messa de Nostre Dame Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Encore Connection: Islamic Chant Chapter 9. The Renaissance: General Characteristics Historical Perspective The Reformation The Counter-Reformation Artistic Style Painting Architecture Sculpture Music Timbre Texture Renaissance Modes Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Chapter 10. Sacred Music of the Renaissance Renaissance Motet Josquin Desprez (c. 1445-1521) Renaissance Mass Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (c. 1524-1594) Listening Example 10. Palestrina: Agnus Dei I from the Missa Papae Marcelli (Mass for Pope Marcellus) Protestant Worship Music Chorale Listening Example 11. Martin Luther: "Ein' feste Burg" ("A Mighty Fortress") Psalm Tunes Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Encore Chapter 11. Secular Music in the Renaissance Madrigal Listening Example 13. Thomas Weelkes: "As Vesta Was from Latmos Hill Descending" Instrumental Music String Instruments Keyboard Instruments Listening Example 14. John Dowland: "Queen Elizabeth's Galliard" Wind Instruments Ensembles Women Instrumentalists Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Encore PART THREE: THE BAROQUE (1600-1750) Part Three Opener Chapter 12. Toward the Baroque Artistic Style Music Venetian Polychoral Music Giovanni Gabrieli (1557-1612) Listening Example 15. Giovanni Gabrieli: Sonata pian' e forte Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Encore Chapter 13. The Baroque: General Characteristics Historical perspective Religion Science and Philosophy Artistic Style Literature Painting Sculpture Music Contrasts Texture Rise of Tonality Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Chapter 14. Dramatic Music of the Baroque Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643) First and Second Practice Early Opera Listening Example 16. Claudio Monteverdi: "Tu se' morta" from L'Orfeo Recitative Aria Henry Purcell (c. 1659-1695) Listening Example 17. Henry Purcell: Dido's "Lament" from Dido and Aeneas Late Baroque Opera Bel Canto George Frideric Handel (1685-1759) Oratorio Messiah Listening Example 18. "Hallelujah" Chorus from Messiah Johann Sebastian Bach (1785-1750) Cantata Listening Example 19. Johann Sebastian Bach: "Wachet auf" ("Sleepers Wake" from Cantata No. 140 Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Encore Chapter 15. Instrumental Music of the Baroque Music for Keyboards Prelude Fugue Listening Example 20. J. S. Bach: Fugue in G Minor ("Little" Fugue) Toccata Suite The Basso Continuo Chamber Music Sonata Orchestral Music Concerto Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) Listening Example 21. Antonio Vivaldi: "Spring" Concerto (from The Four Seasons), first movement Concerto Grosso Listening Example 22. J. S. Bach: Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 in F major Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Encore PART FOUR. THE CLASSICAL PERIOD (1750-1820) Part Four Opener Chapter 16. Toward Classicism The Rococo Visual Arts Music Listening Example 23. Francois Couperin: "Le tic-toc-choc" from Ordre 18 The German "Sensitive" Style Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Encore Chapter 17. The Classical period: General Characteristics Historical Perspective The Enlightenment Artistic Style Painting Sculpture and Architecture Literature Music General Characteristics Viennese Style Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Encore Chapter 18. Formal Design in the Classical Period The Classical Orchestra Symphony Sonata-Allegro Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) Solo Concerto Rondo Listening Example 25. W. A. Mozart: Concerto for Flute and Orchestra in D Major, K. 314, third movement Chamber Music Minuet and Trio Listening Example 26. Franz Joseph Haydn, String Quartet no. 66 in G major, op. 77, no. 1, third movement Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Encore Chapter 19. Vocal Music in the Classical Period Opera Comic Opera Mozart's Operas Listening Example 27. W. A. Mozart, Excerpts from Act I of The Marriage of Figaro Sacred Music Listening Example 28. W. A. Mozart: "Dies Irae" from the Requiem Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Encore PART FIVE. THE AGE OF ROMANTICISM (1820-1910) Part Five Opener Chapter 20. Toward Romanticism The Arts Literature Painting Music Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) Beethoven's Approach to Form Listening Example 29. Beethoven: Piano Sonata no. 8, op. 13 (Pathetique), first movement The Symphonies Listening Example 30. Beethoven: Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, first movement Franz Schubert (1797-1828) Schubert's Instrumental Music Art Song Listening Example 31. Schubert: "Erlkonig?("The Erlking") Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures EncoreChapter 21. The Romantic Style: General Characteristics Characteristics of Romanticism Fascination with the Unknown Love of Nature Art for Art's Sake History versus Science The Romantic Psyche Artistic Style Literature Painting Romantic Music-an Overview Melodic techniques Harmony Nationalism and Internationalism Personal Expression Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Chapter 22. The Romantic Style: Orchestral Music Program Music Concert Overture Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) Program Symphony Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) Listening Example 32. Hector Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique, fifth movement Symphonic Poem Absolute Music Solo Concerto Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847) Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel (1805-1847) Symphony Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Encore Chapter 23. The Romantic Style: Music for Solo Instrument and for Voice Niccolo Paganini (1782-1840) Listening Example 33. Paganini: Caprice no. 1, from Twenty-Four Caprices for Solo Violin, op. 1 Piano Music Franz Liszt (1811-1886) Listening Example 34. Liszt: Etude no. 3 in D-flat major, "Un sospiro" Frederic Chopin (1810-1849) Listening Example 35. Chopin: Nocturne in E-flat Major, op. 9, no. 2 German Art Songs (Lieder) Robert Schuman (1810-1856) Listening Example 36. Robert Schumann: "Im wunderschonen Monat Mai" ("In the marvelous month of May") from Dichterliebe Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Encore Connection: Song in Native American Life Chapter 24. Dramatic Music of the Romantic Period Opera in France Italian Romantic Opera Listening Example 37. Gaetano Donizetti: "Mad scene" from Lucia di Lammermoor Giuseppi Verdi (1813-1901) Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924) Listening Example 38. Giacomo Puccini: "Nessun dorma" from Turandot Music Drama Richard Wagner (1813-1883) Listening Example 39. Richard Wagner: "Ride of the Walkuries" from Die WalkureOperetta Gilbert and Sullivan Listening Example 40. Arthur Sullivan: "I am the very model of a modern major general" from The Pirates of Penzance Choral Music Listening Example 41. Johannes Brahms: "How lovely is Thy dwelling place" from A German Requiem Summary Terms to Review Key Figures Encore Connection: Sacred Music in Other Cultures PART SIX: REVOLUTION AND EVOLUTION: THE TWENTIETH CENTURY AND BEYOND Part Six Opener Chapter 25. Toward a New Music Richard Strauss (1864-1949) Listening Example 42. Strauss: Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks Gustav Mahler (1860-1911) Impressionism Literature Painting Music Claude Debussy (1862-1918) The Gamelan Debussy's Stylistic Techniques Listening Example 43. Anonymous: Kebjar: Hudjan Mas (Golden Rain) Other Impressionists Primitivism Painting Music Listening Example 44. Claude Debussy: La cathedrale engloutie (The Sunken Dathedral) from Preludes, Book I Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971) Listening Example 45. Stravinsky: Le sacre du printemps (The Rite of Spring), excerpts Expressionism Painting Literature Music Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951) Listening Example 46. Schoenberg: "Mondestrunken" from Pierrot Lunaire Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Encore Chapter 26. The Twentieth Century and Beyond: General Characteristics Visual Arts Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) Music: An Overview Melody Harmony Rhythm and Meter Timbre Texture Form The Impact of Jazz Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Chapter 27. Musical Revolutionaries Twelve-Tone Technique Anton Webern (1883-1945) Listening Example 47. Anton Webern: Five Pieces for Orchestra Experimentalism Charles Ives (1874-1954) Listening Example 48. Charles Ives: "General Putnam's Camp" from Three Places in New England Henry Cowell Listening Example 49. Henry Cowell: The Banshee Electronic Music Milton Babbitt (b. 1916) Listening Example 50. Milton Babbitt: Ensembles for Synthesizer(excerpt) Indeterminate Music John Cage (1912-1992) Prepared Piano Listening Example 51. John Cage: The Perilous Night, No. 1 Pauline Oliveros (b. 1932) Listening Example 52. Pauline Oliveros: Sound Patterns Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928-2007) Krzysztof Penderecki (b. 1933) Listening Example 53. Krzysztof Penderecki: Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Encore Chapter 28. Musical Evolutionaries Les Six Twentieth-Century European Nationalism Bela Bartok (1881-1945) Listening Example 54. Bela Bartok: Concerto for Orchestra, fourth movement Neoclassicism Sergei Prokofiev (1891-1953) Listening Example 55. Sergei Prokofiev: Symphony No. 1 ("Classical"), first movement Paul Hindemith (1895-1963) Listening Example 56. Paul Hindemith: Kleine Kammermusik, op. 24, no.2, first movement American Nationalism Aaron Copland (1900-1990) Listening Example 57. Aaron Copland: "Variations on a Shaker Hymn" from Appalachian Spring Suite The Harlem Renaissance William Grant Still (1895-1978) Listening Example 58. William Grant Still: Afro-American Symphony, third movement Neoromanticism Samuel Barber (1910-1981) Listening Example 59. Samuel Barber: Adagio for Strings Minimalism Indian and African Influences Religious Concert Music Revived Women in Music Listening Example 60. Ellen Taafe Zwilich: Concerto Grosso 1985 Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Encore Chapter 29. Music for Stage and Films Opera in America Listening Example 61. George Gershwin: "Bess, You Is My Woman Now" from Porgy and Bess Phillip Glass (b.1937) Listening Example 62. Phillip Glass: Einstein on the Beach, Act IV, Scene 3, "Spaceship" Evolution of Musicals Golden Age of Broadway Musicals Listening Example 63. Leonard Bernstein: "Tonight," Act I ensemble finale from West Side Story Search for New Directions Music for Films Functions of Music in Films The Hollywood Sound Many Kinds of Movie Music Electronic Music in Film Scores Movie Musicals The Composer's Perspective Film Score Performances and Recordings Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Encore Connection: Dramatic Music in China and Japan Chapter 30. Jazz Ragtime Scott Joplin (1868-1917) Listening Example 64. Scott Joplin: "Maple Leaf Rag" Blues Listening Example 65. Bessie Smith: "Lost Your Head Blues" Instrumental Jazz New Orleans Jazz Jazz Moves North Concert Jazz Listening Example 66 Charlie Parker: "Bloomdido" Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (1899-1974) Listening Example 67. Duke Ellington: Mood Indigo Recent Developments Summary Critical Thinking Terms to Review Key Figures Encore Connection: Improvisation in Classical Indian Music Postlude. The New Internationalism Popular Music Classical Music and Musical Theater The Chinese Influence Listening Example 68. Tan Dun: "Heaven" from Symphony 1997 (excerpt) Critical Thinking The Charge

About the Author

After receiving her MA in Music History and Literature at Arizona State University, Jean Ferris taught Music History and Appreciation at ASU. In addition to her work at the University, she has been involved with the music community by serving as a church choir director, singing with the Phoenix Symphony Chorale, playing the organ, and touring to Japan with her high school handbell choir--apparently the first handbell choir to perform in that country. Ferris is the author of two books: Music: The Art of Listening and America's Musical Landscape. Larry Worster (B.S., St. Lawrence University; B.A., University of Colorado at Boulder; M.M. University of Colorado at Boulder; Ph.D., University of Colorado at Boulder) is a Professor of Music at Metropolitan State College of Denver. He taught previously at the University of Colorado, Regis College, and Denver University. He performed for ten years (1984-94) in the Irish folk ensemble Colcannon. Dr. Worster has been active in the leadership of the Rocky Mountain Chapter of the College Music Society, the Society for American Music, and the Board of Directors of the Boulder Bach Festival. He is the author of Cecil Effinger: A Colorado Composer published in 1997 by Scarecrow Press. He has published articles in the American Music Research Center Journal and the Sonneck Society Bulletin and presented papers at conferences of the American Musicological Society, Sonneck Society, and the College Music Society. His ChartCreator software is published as shareware at www.chartcreator.com. Six customized sets of ChartPlayer software for the support of general studies music textbooks have been published by McGraw-Hill.