Table of Contents

PART I: MOLECULAR MEDICINE: A NOVEL APPROACH TO CANCER INVESTIGATION1. FROM THE DOUBLE HELIX TO ONCOGENOMICS AND PRECISION CANCER MEDICINE: AN EVOLVING STORYFranco Dammacco and Franco Silvestris2. INTRATUMOR HETEROGENEITY: BIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONSRekha Gyanchandani, Nolan Priedigkeit, Ahmed Basudan and Adrian V. Lee3. THE ROLE OF PROTEOMICS IN CANCER RESEARCHCarolina Panis, Stephany Correˆa, Renata Binato and Eliana Abdelhay4. NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING IN CLINICAL PRACTICEUmberto Malapelle, Pasquale Pisapia, Francesco Passiglia, Amélie Dendooven, Patrick Pauwels, Roberto Salgado and Christian Rolfo5. CANCER EPIGENETICS: ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENTHideyuki Takeshima, Harumi Yamada and Toshikazu Ushijima6. CANCER STEM CELLS: ROLE IN TUMOR PROGRESSION AND TREATMENT RESISTANCEFarhadul Islam, Vinod Gopalan and Alfred King-Yin Lam7. CANCER STEM CELLS: ROLE IN TUMOR PROGRESSION AND TREATMENT RESISTANCEAhmad R. Safa8. TARGETING THE HEDGEHOG AND NOTCH SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN CANCER STEM CELLSAnkita Borah and D. Sakthi Kumar9. CANCER STEM CELLS IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIESFranco Dammacco, Patrizia Leone, Franco Silvestris, Vito Racanelli and Angelo Vacca

PART II: ONCOGENOMICS: CIRCULATING BIOMARKERS IN CLINICAL ONCOLOGY10. BONE METASTASES FROM SOLID TUMORS: IN SEARCH OF PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS FOR CLINICAL TRANSLATIONFranco Silvestris, Stella D’Oronzo, Domenica Lovero, Raffaele Palmirotta and Franco Dammacco11. LIQUID BIOPSY AND GENOMIC ASSESSMENT FOR LUNG CANCER: THE ROLE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE?Véronique Hofman, Simon Heeke, Maryline Allègra, Marius Ilié and Paul Hofman12. PROGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE ROLE OF CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLSFrancesco Schettini, Mario Giuliano and Massimo Cristofanilli13. CIRCULATING MIRNAS AS TUMOR BIOMARKERSVikas Ghai, Inyoul Lee and Kai Wang14. CIRCULATING DNA IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSISEveline E. Vietsch and Anton Wellstein15. SEQUENCING A SINGLE CIRCULATING TUMOR CELL FOR GENOMIC ASSESSMENTLei Xu, Nuria Coll Bastus and Yong-Jie Lu16. SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS IN CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENTMassimo Di Maio

PART III: GASTROINTESTINAL TUMORS: MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT17. GASTRIC CANCERS: A MOLECULAR ROADMAP FOR PATIENT STRATIFICATION AND TARGETED THERAPIESMaxime Chénard-Poirier and Elizabeth C. Smyth18. RESISTANCE TO EGFR TARGETING TREATMENTS IN COLORECTAL CANCERMichela Pucci and Mattia Lauriola19. CIRCULATING DNA AND PROTEIN BIOMARKERS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS IN METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCERKjetil Søreide20. RATIONALE FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY IN GASTROINTESTINAL MALIGNANCIESVasiliki Michalarea and Elizabeth Smyth21. PROTEOMICS PROFILING OF PANCREATIC CANCER: ROLES IN BIOMARKER DISCOVERYHong Peng, Ru Chen and Sheng Pan22. EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PANCREATIC CANCERMagdalena Swierczewska, Serguei Kozlov and Pavan P. Adiseshaiah23. PERSONALIZED MEDICINE IN GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORSMargherita Nannini and Guido Biasco24. CIRCULATING MICRORNAS AS TUMOR BIOMARKERS IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMAAlbrecht Piiper and Oliverwaidmann

PART IV: PERSPECTIVES IN BREAST CANCER GENOMICS25. GENE PROFILES IN BREAST CANCER: TRANSLATION TO CLINICAL MEDICINESerena Di Cosimo, Maria Grazia Daidone and Vera Cappelletti26. NOVEL BIOMARKERS PREDICTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF BONE METASTASIS IN EARLY BREAST CANCERMichele Iuliani, Paolo Manca, Giulia Ribelli, Sonia Simonetti, Francesco Pantano, Bruno Vincenzi, Giuseppe Tonini and Daniele Santini27. HER2-POSITIVE EARLY BREAST CANCER: AFFORDABLE RISKS, AFFORDABLE THERAPIES, AND NEW DEVELOPMENTSPierfranco Conte, Mariavittoria Dieci, Graziavernaci and Valentina Guarneri28. ROLE OF CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTSRita Lampignano, A.M. Sofie Berghuis, Tanja Fehm and Hans Neubauer29. OVERCOMING ENDOCRINE RESISTANCE IN BREAST CANCER: MTOR INHIBITORS AND NEW DRUGSPaola Ferrari and Andrea Nicolini30. EXPLORE GENOMIC PROFILES FOR TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER TO DISCOVER DRUG TARGETSXiaosheng Wang46. BRAF-MUTANT MELANOMA: TREATMENT APPROACHES AND RESISTANCE MECHANISMSSvenja Meierjohann and Bastian Schilling

About the Author

Franco Dammacco is Emeritus Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Bari Medical School and has been President of the Italian Society of Internal Medicine. His research and clinical interests include HCV-related cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, onco-hematology, connective tissue diseases and immunodeficiency syndromes. He is author or co-author of more than 470 papers and Editor-in-Chief of the journal Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Franco Silvestris is Full Professor of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, and Director of the Post-Graduation Residency Course in Medical Oncology at the University of Bari Medical School. Also, he is Coordinator of the Doctorate in ‘Biomomecular Sciences in Pharmacology and Medicine’ at the same University, and Director of the ‘Oncogenomic Research Center’ at the University-Hospital ‘Policlinico’, Bari. He is author or co-author of more than 180 scientific articles in clinical and molecular medicine.