Table of Contents

Contributors xiii

Preface xxi

Preface to Second Edition xxii

Preface to First Edition xxiii

Part A Historical Background 1

1 A Conceptual History in the Nineteenth Century 3
German E. Berrios

2 The Development of Old Age Psychiatry in the UK 7
Claire Hilton and Tom Arie

3 Commentary on ‘In the Beginning’ by Felix Post 12
Claire Hilton

Part B Normal and Abnormal Ageing 15

4 Changes in the Macrostructure and Microstructure of the Ageing Brain 17
Natalie M. Zahr, Adolf Pfefferbaum and Edith V. Sullivan

5 Functional Imaging of the Ageing Brain 28
Robert Perneczky, Christian Sorg and Hans F¨orstl

6 Neurophysiology of the Ageing Brain 36
Paolo Maria Rossini and Laura Parisi

7 Potential Regeneration of the Ageing Brain 42
Stephen B. Dunnett

8 Neuroendocrinology of Ageing 45
Marcus Simmgen

9 Genetic Aspects of Ageing 51
Ben Pickard and Douglas Blackwood

10 The Clinical Pharmacology of Ageing 55
Brian Clarke and S. H. D. Jackson

11 Cognitive Gerontology 60
Patrick Rabbitt

12 Chronological and Functional Ageing 65
David Melzer and Iain Lang

13 Successful Ageing 70
Ann Bowling

14 Sexuality, Non-Traditional Relationships and Mental Health in Older People 74
Ian Peate

15 The Care Home Experience 78
Alisoun Milne

16 Ageing: International Statistical Trends and Prospects 83
Fiona E. Matthews and George M. Savva

17 Economics of Ageing and Mental Health 90
Anders Wimo

18 The Influence of Social Factors on Mental Health 97
Donna D. McAlpine and David Mechanic

Part C Diagnosis and Assessment 103

19 Classification of Dementia and other Cognitive Disorders in ICD-10 and DSM-IV 105
A. Jablensky and J.E. Cooper

20 Taking a Psychiatric History from Elderly Patients 109
Sunita Sahu and Monica Crugel

21 Mental State Examination in the Elderly 113
Joanne Rodda and Zuzana Walker

22 The Physical Examination: A Guide for Old Age Psychiatrists 117
Stephen Todd, John O’Hare, Bernadette McGuinness and A. Peter Passmore

23 Investigations in Old Age Psychiatry 122
Sujatha Merve and Robert C. Baldwin

24 Bedside Assessment of Cognitive Functioning 129
Richard Perry

25 Neuropsychological Assessment 135
Linda Clare

26 Overview of Rating Scales in Old Age Psychiatry 141
Kenneth C. M. Wilson, Ben Green and Pat Mottram

27 The Mini-Mental State Examination: A Brief Cognitive Assessment 145
Marshal Folstein, Susan Folstein and Jonathan Folstein

28 The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) 147
Nicolas Cherbuin and Anthony Francis Jorm

29 Geriatric Depression Scale 152
Meghan A. Marty, Renee Pepin, Andrea June and Daniel L. Segal

30 Dementia Care Mapping 157
Dawn Brooker

31 Staging Dementia 162
Barry Reisberg, Imran A. Jamil, Sharjeel Khan, Isabel Monteiro, Carol Torossian, Steven Ferris, Marwan Sabbagh, Serge Gauthier, Stefanie Auer, Melanie B. Shulman, Alan Kluger, Emile Franssen and Jerzy Wegiel

32 The Clinical Dementia Rating 170
Rawan Tarawneh, B. Joy Snider, Mary Coats and John C. Morris

33 GMS-HAS-AGECAT Package and the Global Mental Health Assessment Tool (GMHAT): Epidemiology and Closing the Treatment Gap 174
John R. M. Copeland

34 Assessing Life Skills 176
Colin Depp, Veronica Cardenas, Ashley Cain and Thomas L. Patterson

35 Quality of Life Measures in Old Age 183
Juanita Hoe, Martin Orrell and Gill Livingston

Part D Degenerative and Related Disorders 193

36 Delirium 195
Barbara Kamholz

37 The Nosology of Dementia 201
Kenneth Rockwood

38 Epidemiology of Dementia 207
Mary Ganguli

39 An Introduction to the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS) I and II 213
Fiona E. Matthews and Carol Brayne

40 The Lundby Study 222
Mats Bogren, Cecilia Mattisson and Per Nettelbladt

41 Clinical Features of Alzheimer’s Disease: Cognitive and Non-cognitive 226
Oludamilola Salami and Constantine G. Lyketsos

42 Neuropsychological Assessment of Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease 232
David Aaron Maroof and Cynthia A. Munro

43 Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease 238
Lynn M. Bekris, Chang-En Yu, Thomas D. Bird and Debby Tsuang

44 Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease 252
Esther Oh, Constantine Lyketsos and Philip Wong

45 Physiological Neuroimaging in Ageing and Dementia: Metabolic and Molecular Scanning 257
Markus Donix, Susan Y. Bookheimer and Gary W. Small

46 Computational Anatomy in Alzheimer’s Disease 262
Alex D. Leow, Liana G. Apostolova and Paul M. Thompson

47 Alzheimer’s Disease: Risk Factors and Preventive Strategies 271
JoAnn T. Tschanz and John C. S. Breitner

48 Down Syndrome: Genetic and Clinical Overlap with Dementia 281
Giles M.Y. Tan and Declan G.M. Murphy

49 The Molecular Neuropathology of Alzheimer’s Disease 287
Orly Lazarov

50 Neurochemistry of Alzheimer’s Disease 295
Paul T. Francis

51 Antemortem Markers 299
Susan J. van Rensburg, Felix C.V. Potocnik, Maritha J. Kotze and Dan J. Stein

52 Pharmacological Therapies in Alzheimer’s Disease 304
Martin Steinberg and Constantine G. Lyketsos

53 Behavioural Management in Alzheimer’s Disease – Pharmacology 312
David A. Merrill and David L. Sultzer

54 Behavioural Management: Non-Pharmacological 324
Jiska Cohen-Mansfield

55 Emerging Applications of Gene and Somatic Cell Therapy in Geriatric Neuropsychiatry 330
Eric Wexler

56 Vascular Dementia 342
Ingmar Skoog

57 The Frontotemporal Dementia Syndromes 348
Mario F. Mendez

58 The Lewy Body Dementia Spectrum (Alpha Synucleinopathies) 360
J.-P. Taylor and I. G. McKeith

59 Prion Diseases 372
Brian S. Appleby

60 Alcoholic and Other Toxic Dementias 378
Eileen M. Joyce

61 Reversible Dementias 383
Michael Philpot

62 Cognitive Domains Affected by Conditions of Ageing and the Role of Neuropsychological Testing 389
Heather R. Romero, Scott M. Hayes and Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer

63 Memory Training for Older Adults 397
Karen Miller, Linda Ercoli, Jeanne Kim and Gary W. Small

64 Complementary and Alternative Medicine Approaches to Memory Improvement in the Elderly 403
Helen Lavretsky

65 Ethics of Dementia Care 410
Eran Klein and Jason Karlawish

66 Successful Interventions for Family Caregivers 415
L. McKenzie Zeiss, Yookyung Kwon, Renee Marquett and Dolores Gallagher-Thompson

67 The Role of Alzheimer Societies in the United States 421
Ruth O’Hara and Bevin Powers

68 Psychiatric Manifestations of Nervous System Infections 426
Jeffrey T. Guptill and E. Wayne Massey

69 Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography 433
Howard Aizenstein and Vijay Venkatraman

70 Functional MRI Studies in Ageing and Early Alzheimer’s Disease 437
Ottavio V. Vitolo and Reisa A. Sperling

71 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 446
Olusola Ajilore, Brent Forester, Matthew R. Woodward and Anand Kumar

Part E Affective Disorders 455

72 Nosology and Classification of Mood Disorders 457
Dan Blazer

73 Genetics of Affective Disorders 460
Carolina Aponte Urdaneta and John L. Beyer

74 Environmental Factors, Life Events and Coping Abilities 464
Toni C. Antonucci and James S. Jackson

75 Vascular Disease and Late-Life Depressive Disorder 468
Robert Baldwin

76 Mood Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease 473
John V. Hindle

77 Epidemiology of Depression: Prevalence and Incidence 479
Ruoling Chen and John Copeland

78 Neuroimaging in Geriatric Depression 489
Faith M. Gunning

79 Clinical Features of Depressive Disorders in the Elderly 495
Davangere P. Devanand and Steven P. Roose

80 The Outcome of Late-life Depressive Disorders 502
Aartjan T.F. Beekman, Harm W.J. van Marwijk and Max L. Stek

81 Physical Illness and Depression 508
Mavis Evans

82 Depression After Stroke 515
Peter Knapp and Allan House

83 Cross-Cultural Variation in the Experience of Depression in Older People in the UK 518
Vanessa Lawrence, Joanna Murray, Anthony Klugman and Sube Banerjee

84 Treatment of Late-Life Depression In Community Settings 524
Carolyn Chew-Graham

85 Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) 529
David G. Wilkinson

86 Pharmacological Treatment of Depression 537
Mohammed T. Abou-Saleh and Cornelius Katona

87 Psychotherapy of Depression and Dysthymia 543
Philip Wilkinson

88 Acute Management of Late-Life Depression 552
V. Gardner and D.C. Steffens

89 Bereavement 555
Robert J. Kastenbaum

90 Suicidal Behaviour 559
Brian Draper

91 The Assessment of Depressive Syndromes 565
Adriana P. Hermida and William M. McDonald

92 Mania: Epidemiology and Risk Factors 573
Susan W. Lehmann

93 Acute Mania and Bipolar Affective Disorder 576
M. Sajatovic, N. Herrmann and K.I. Shulman

Part F Schizophrenic Disorders and Mood-Incongruent Paranoid States 589

94 Late-Life Psychotic Disorders: Nosology and Classification 591
Nicole M. Lanouette, Lisa T. Eyler and Dilip V. Jeste

95 Schizophrenic Disorder and Mood-Incongruent Paranoid States: Epidemiology and Course 596
Cynthia D. Fields and Peter V. Rabins

96 Clinical Assessment and Differential Diagnosis 599
David N. Anderson

97 Treatment of Late-Life Psychosis 604
Peter Connelly and Neil Prentice

Part G Neuroses (Anxiety Disorders) 609

98 Nosology and Classification of Neurotic Disorders 611
David Bienenfeld

99 The Epidemiology of Depression and Anxiety 616
Robert Stewart and James Lindesay

100 Psychopharmacological Treatment of Anxiety 624
John L. Beyer

101 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 632
James Lindesay

102 Somatoform Disorders and Unexplained Physical Symptoms 636
Bart Sheehan

103 Other Neurotic Disorders 640
Jerome J. Schulte, C. Michael Hendricks and David Bienenfeld

Part H Personality Disorders 647

104 Personality Disorders: Description, Aetiology, and Epidemiology 649
Victor Molinari and Daniel L. Segal

105 Diagnostic and Treatment Issues Regarding Personality Disorder in Older Adults 655
Richard A. Zweig and Dana Scherr Parchi

Part I Mental and Behavioural Disorders Due to Psychoactive Substances 663

106 Alcohol Abuse and Treatment in the Elderly 665
Helen H. Kyomen and Benjamin Liptzin

107 Epidemiology of Alcohol Problems and Drinking Patterns 671
Celia F. Hybels and Dan G. Blazer

108 Drug Misuse in the Elderly 679
Martin M. Schmidt and Mohammed T. Abou-Saleh

Part J Learning and Behavioural Studies 687

109 Old Age and Learning Disability 689
Oyepeju Raji and Asim Naeem

110 The Elderly Offender 694
Graeme A. Yorston

111 Sleep and Ageing: Disorders and Management 700
Helen Chiu and Joshua Tsoh

112 Sexual Disorders 706
Walter Pierre Bouman

Part K Cultural Differences, Service Provision and Training in Old Age Psychiatry 711

113 Assessing Mental Health in Different Cultures 713
Rob Butler, Sati Sembhi and Melanie Abas

114 The Cross-Cultural Epidemiology of Mental Illness in Old Age 717
Martin Prince

115 Mental Illness in the Elderly in South Asia 730
Vikram Patel and K. S. Shaji

116 Dementia and Depression in Africa 734
Olusegun Baiyewu

117 Dementia and Depression in China 737
Helen Chiu and Cindy Tam

118 Spirituality and Mental Illness in Old Age 741
Susan Mary Benbow and David Jolley

119 Development of Health and Social Services in the UK from the Twentieth Century Onwards 745
John P. Wattis

120 The Pattern of Psychogeriatric Services 749
John P. Wattis

121 The Multidisciplinary Team and Day Care Provision 753
Martin Orrell and Kunle Ashaye

122 NHS Continuing Care 759
Clive Ballard, Ramilgan Chitramohan, Zunera Khan and Jean Beh

123 Overview of Law, Ethics and Mental Health in Old Age 766
Julian C. Hughes

124 The US System of Geriatric Mental Health Care: Financing and Future Challenges 770
Stephen J. Bartels

125 Geriatric Psychiatric Outpatient Care: The Private Practice Model in the USA 777
Elliott M. Stein and Gary S. Moak

126 The Medical Psychiatry Inpatient Unit 785
Maria I. Lapid and Teresa A. Rummans

127 Psychiatric Services in Long-Term Care 790
Marc E. Agronin, Stephen M. Scheinthal and Ashok J. Bharucha

128 Geriatric Psychiatry Care in the Private Psychiatric Hospital Setting 796
Brent P. Forester, Robert Kohn, Susan Kim and Thomas Idiculla

129 Liaison with Medical and Surgical Teams 803
David N. Anderson

130 Rehabilitation 810
Rob Jones

131 Anaesthetics and Mental State 817
Andrew Moore Severn and David Gwyn Seymour

132 Nutritional State 824
David N. Anderson and Mohammed T. Abou-Saleh

133 Caregiver Support 829
Kathleen C. Buckwalter, Mary Ellen Stolder, Charlene S. Aaron and Catherine Messinger

134 Elder Abuse – Epidemiology, Recognition and Management 835
Alexander M. Thomson and Martin J. Vernon

135 Care of the Dying 838
Adrian Treloar, Monica Crugel and Waleed Fawzi

136 Prevention of Mental Disorders in Late Life 844
Pim Cuijpers, Filip Smit, Barry D. Lebowitz and Aartjan T. F. Beekman

137 The Principles of UK Mental Health Law: A View from the Clinic 850
Julian C. Hughes

138 Training Requirements for Old Age Psychiatrists in the UK 854
Susan Mary Benbow and Aparna Prasanna

139 Training Requirements in North America 857
Paul D. Kirwin and Kirsten M. Wilkins

140 Education in Old Age Psychiatry: Recent and Future Developments 860
Hugo de Waal

Subject Index 864

About the Author

Editors

Mohammed T. Abou-Saleh, St George's Hospital, University of London, UK

Cornelius L.E. Katona, University College, London, UK

Anand Kumar, University of Illinois in Chicago, USA

Reviews

"Overall, this book is a comprehensive overview of geriatric psychiatry that covers all major clinical areas and stands out for highlighting a historical perspective on mental illness in late life. It is a valuable contribution to the literature and should be of particular use to residents and trainees in geriatric psychiatry. However the breadth of ground covered by the editors also makes this book a useful reference guide for practicing general and geriatric psychiatrists, nurses, social workers, and other health care proefessionals involved in caring for older adults with mental illness" (The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 2012) “With thorough reviews on the nosology, epidemiology, assessments and bio-psychosocial therapies of the entire range of mental illnesses in the elderly, this volume makes it an indispensable resource for trainees, researchers and practitioners.”  (Journal of International Psychogeriatrics, 2012) "The third edition of Principles and Practice of Geriatric Psychiatry provides an important opportunity to acknowledge and celebrate the knowledge available in geriatric psychiatry." (JAMA, 2012) "This thoroughly revised and comprehensive third edition covers the subspecialty of geriatric psychiatry. . . This third edition remains an excellent, comprehensive, and up-to-date book written by a group of outstanding contributors." (Doody's, 16 September 2011) "Featuring contributions by distinguished authors from around the world, the book offers a distinctive angle on issues in this continually developing discipline". (Breitbart.com: Business Wire , 1 February 2011)