Table of Contents

Author Biographies vii

Introduction 1

1 Bilingualism: A Short Introduction 5
François Grosjean

1.1 The Extent of Bilingualism 6

1.2 Describing Bilinguals 7

1.3 The Functions of Languages 11

1.4 Language Mode 14

1.5 Interacting with Bilinguals and Monolinguals 17

1.6 Biculturalism 21

I Spoken Language Processing 27

2 Speech Perception and Comprehension 29
François Grosjean

2.1 From the Speech Wave to the Mental Representation 30

2.2 Processing Monolingual Speech 33

2.3 Processing Bilingual Speech 39

3 Speech Production 50
François Grosjean

3.1 From Thought to Articulation 51

3.2 Producing Monolingual Speech 52

3.3 Language Production in Bilinguals Is a Dynamic Process 54

3.4 Producing Bilingual Speech 59

II Written Language Processing 71

4 Reading 73
Annette M.B. de Groot

4.1 An Outline of the Reading Process 74

4.2 Word Recognition in Bilinguals 76

4.3 Models of Bilingual Visual Word Recognition 87

4.4 Sentence Processing in Bilinguals 91

5 Writing 100
Rosa M. Manchón

5.1 The Psycholinguistics of Bilingual Writing: Mapping the Terrain 102

5.2 Bilingual Text Production Activity: Processes and Strategies 105

5.3 The Transfer of Knowledge and Skills in Bilingual Writing 111

III Language Acquisition 117

6 Simultaneous Language Acquisition 119
Virginia Yip

6.1 Theoretical Issues 121

6.2 Methodological Issues 124

6.3 Early Developmental Stages and Language Differentiation 129

6.4 Cross-linguistic Influence 130

6.5 Code-mixing 133

6.6 Extensions and Applications 137

7 Successive Language Acquisition 145
Ping li

7.1 Age Effects in Second Language Acquisition 146

7.2 Speech Learning in Successive Language Acquisition 151

7.3 Dynamic Interaction between First Language and Second Language 155

IV Cognition and the Bilingual Brain 169

8 Bilingual Memory 171
Annette M.B. de Groot

8.1 The Organization of the Bilingual Mental Lexicon 172

8.2 Bilingual Concepts 181

8.3 Bilingual Autobiographical Memory 186

9 Cognitive Effects 192
Ellen Bialystok and Raluca Barac

9.1 Language and Metalinguistic Abilities 193

9.2 Acquisition of Literacy 198

9.3 Developing Executive Control 202

9.4 Advantages of Bilingualism across the Lifespan 206

10 Neurolinguistic and Neurocomputational Models 214
Ping li

10.1 Neurolinguistic Traditions and Debates 215

10.2 The Cognitive Neuroscience of Bilingualism 220

10.3 Neurolinguistic Computational Modeling 228

Index 239

About the Author

Francois Grosjean is Professor Emeritus ofPsycholinguistics at Neuchatel University, Switzerland. Hismany publications on bilingualism include three books: Life with Two Languages: An Introduction to Bilingualism(1982), Studying Bilinguals (2008), and Bilingual: Lifeand Reality (2010). The latter was selected as a ChoiceOutstanding Academic Title. He is a Founding Editor of the journal Bilingualism: Language and Cognition and was its firstCoordinating Editor. Ping Li is Professor of Psychology, Linguistics, andInformation Sciences and Technology at Pennsylvania StateUniversity. His books include The Handbook of East AsianPsycholinguistics: Volume 1, Chinese (co-edited with L-H. Tan,E. Bates, and O. Tzeng, 2006), and The Expression of Time(co-edited with W. Klein, 2009). He is Editor of the journalBilingualism: Language and Cognition, and is on theEditorial Board of four other prominent journals.

Reviews

"The Psycholinguistics of Bilingualism is an absolute gem toread. It is concise and clear while not skimping at all on breadthand depth. Truthfully, this is a bit unsettling for those of us whohave worked in this field. Capturing such a wide array of topics ina single volume is a gargantuan task. Grosjean and Li should beapplauded for helping to shape such an excellent text. Mostimportantly, the editors and authors help to convince the reader ofthe importance of dynamic processing, whether it be in computermodels that have to adapt to language input, brain images thatcapture how bilinguals switch between languages, or in the natureof speech that takes into account how bilinguals adapt to differentlinguistic situations. By bringing all of these pieces together,Grosjean and Li have provided a true gift for those who would liketo learn more about this field." (Language, 1 December2013) Those with an interest in bilingualism would find thechapter on writing helpful due to the small number of bilingualstudies, especially looking at two languages in one bilingual,rather than comparing bilingual writings to monolingual writings.Those interested in bilingual code-switching would also find it auseful reference as code-switchng is discussed from differentperspectives in several chapters. Undergraduate students studyingpsycholinguistics are provided with a complete overview oncontroversial issues such as the critical period hypothesis forlanguage acquisition or the bilingual mental lexicon with therelevant influential articles and hypotheses, listedchronologically. Thus, this book is an ideal choice for anundergraduate or postgraduate course book in introducing variousfields of applied linguistics, bilingualism, and also thepsycholinguistics of bilingualism. (InternationalJournal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 28 August2013) The book is written in a friendly tone that s easyto understand and engage with, making it perfect for anyonewho s looking to learn more about psycholinguistics orbilingualism and with great chapters by some of the biggestnames in the field, there s no doubt that the informationpacked into this little volume is of the highestquality. (First Language, 1 January 2014) I enjoyed reading this book and would very much recommendit to students, teachers and anyone else interested in thefield. If you have not been fascinated by bilingualismbefore, you will be after reading the introductionchapter! (The Nordic Journal of Linguistics,1 May 2014) It is refreshing to see a textbook that offers acomprehensive introduction to bilingual language processing,language acquisition, cognition and memory, and the bilingualbrain. Each chapter presents current debates and issues in theirrespective subfields accompanied with clear and conciseillustrations of empirical studies. Written by prominentresearchers, all the chapters are not only remarkably up to date inthe various areas covered but also quite accessible to thenon-specialist Whether the reader is mainly looking for acomprehensive overview of the up to date literature or insteadlooking for suggestions for new avenues of research, this bookprovides an abundance of information. (International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1 October2013) This book exceeded my expectations, and I find itdifficult to point out shortcomings, as it is perfectly alignedwith its declared aims. (The LINGUIST List, 1May 2013)