Introduction: 'An iron chain around your soul'; 1. Adopting modern slavery: Pathways into and discourses of criação; 2. 'Quase da família' (almost family): Affective ambiguity and family theater as strategies of domination; 3. Prisoners of love: Affective captivity and ruptures in the family ideology; 4. The depths and debts of gratitude: The moral code of criação; 5. Family bonds and bondage: Intra-generational relationships and the persistence of Criação; 6. Home sick: Health and disability among adult filhas de criação; 7. Freedom to 'live her liberty': From existence to resistance among filhas de criação; Conclusion: The last of our kind: Onward to freedom.
A powerful account of the coexistence of exploitation and loving familial relationships in the lives of 'adoptive daughters' in Brazil.
Elizabeth Hordge-Freeman is Associate Professor of Sociology, Senior Advisor to the President and Provost for Diversity and Inclusion, and Interim Vice President for Institutional Equity at the University of South Florida. She received a Fulbright grant to Brazil and Ruth Landes Memorial Fellowship to conduct this research. Her first book, The Color of Love, won three book awards, including two from the American Sociological Association (Sections on Emotions and Bodies and Embodiment).
'Second-Class Daughters is a beautifully written and theoretically
rich book that offers an expansive and nuanced portrait of informal
adoption in Brazil. In centering the experiences of filhas de
criação, Hordge-Freeman reveals the blurring of the line between
exploitation and intimate familial ties, while also reminding us of
the disturbing ways that racial pasts are layered onto the
present.' Tianna Paschel, University of California, Berkeley
'Written with deep compassion, insight, sensitivity, and astute
knowledge of the ways race, gender, and class structure Brazilian
society, Elizabeth Hordge-Freeman's new book is a must read for all
those studying Brazil. It reveals how families deemed safe and
sacred by many, can be the very place where devastating and
life-changing discrimination and socialization into second-class
citizenship can occur. By again focusing on families,
Hordge-Freeman adds another major research accomplishment to her
important work on race, class, and gender in Brazil.' Bernd Reiter,
Texas Tech University
'A beautifully written account of Black impoverished girls given up
for 'adoption' to families to raise as their daughters who instead
became unpaid exploited child workers laboring within a web of
ambiguous family contexts of affective bonds of gratitude, passion,
and love. Hordge-Freeman weaves these life stories to expose the
legacy of colonial slavery embedded in the structural disadvantages
of racialized and gendered systems of oppression. Second-Class
Daughters never loses sight of the women's strategies of freedom
and resistance and the structural changes required to end this
labor exploitation.' Mary Romero, author of The Maid's Daughter:
Living Inside and Outside the American Dream
an important and heartwrenching exposé of children saved from
starvation through informal adoptions … Forcing us to not look away
from current situations of trauma and abuse hidden within the
domestic sphere, this book deepens our understanding of gendered
and racialized violence in Brazil.' Jennifer Roth-Gordon, Social
Forces
'… an excellent contribution to researchers across fields [that]
promises to be groundbreaking as notions such as 'affective
captivity' and 'affective architecture of domination' can be
applied to other social science studies that question power and
domination beyond adoptive daughters.' Gladys Mitchell-Walthour,
Sociology of Race and Ethnicity
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