Table of Contents

Part 1 Introduction to sex estimation
1. A history of sex estimation of human skeletal remains
2. Practitioner preferences for sex estimation from human skeletal remains
3. Applications of sex estimation in paleoanthropology, bioarchaeology, and forensic anthropology
4. The confusion between biological sex and gender and potential implications of misinterpretations
5. Effect of sex misclassification on the skeletal biological profile

Part 2 Methods for sex estimation
Section A Morphological
6. Pelvis morphology
7. Adult sex estimation from cranial morphoscopic traits
8. Analyses of the postcranial skeleton for sex estimation
9. Parturition markers and skeletal sex estimation
 Section B Metric
10. Dentition in the estimation of sex
11. Metric methods for estimating sex utilizing the pelvis
12. Sexual dimorphism variation in Fordisc samples
Section C Statistics & databases
13. Statistical and machine learning approaches to sex estimation
14. Subadult sex estimation
15. DSP: A probabilistic approach to sex estimation free from population specificity using os coxae measurements
16. MorphoPASSE: Morphological pelvis and skull sex estimation program

Part 3 Current considerations/topics
17. Factors of population variation in sex estimation methodology
18. Secular change
19. The effects of skeletal asymmetry on accurate sex classification
20. Cognitive bias in sex estimation: The influence of context on forensic decision-making
21. Sex determination using DNA and its impact on biological anthropology
22. The application of medical imaging to the anthropological estimation of sex

About the Author

Dr. Alexandra R. Klales is Director of the Forensic Anthropology Program and an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology & Anthropology at Washburn University. She currently conducts forensic anthropological casework in Kansas and is working towards board certification. She is currently an Associate Member of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (Anthropology section). Her research includes improving biological profile methods, fatal fire recoveries, 3D imaging, and statistical methods in forensic anthropology. She is currently PI (sex estimation database) and Co-PI (sub-adult sex and age estimation) on two National Institute of Justice Grants examining sex estimation and the biological profile. She teaches courses on forensic science, forensic anthropology, and human skeletal biology.