All chapters include “Chapter Overview,” “Summary,” and
“References” and most chapters include “Practical Application.”
Preface.
By Way of Introduction: Race, Culture, Ethnicity and African
American English.
1.Higher Ground: The Knowledge Base of African American Language
and Cultural Studies.
Linguistics.Linguistics System.African Continuities.All Languages
Are Equal.Speech-Language Pathology.Biased Based
Criteria.Education.African American Experience: Past and
Present.Deficit Models.Multicultural Education.Pedagogical
Implications.
2.Descriptive versus Prescriptive Grammar.
Contrasting Properties of Descriptive and Prescriptive Rules.Native
Speaker Intuitions and Grammaticality.Grammar as a Description of
Language.Dialectical Differences.Prescriptive Rules Frequently
Violated by Speakers of High-Prestige Dialects.
3.African American Bilingualism.
The Situational Nature of Language Use.Sociolinguistics.The
Cultural Context of Social Situations.African American Oral
Literature.The Language Situation in Black America: Class
Stratification or Code Switching.
4.African American Bilingualism.
What Should the Language of African Americans Be Called?Is African
American Language a Different System from Standard English?The
Uniqueness of the African American English Lexicon.What Type of
Linguistic System Is African American Language?The Origin of
African American English.
5.African American Communication Styles.
The General Communication Process.Psychological Themes.Emotional
Vitality.Meanings and Values of Black and White Communication
Styles and Cultures.Language Style.Core Symbols of Communication
Styles.
6.Speech and Language Disorders versus Differences.
Normal Language Acquisition.Communication Disorders.
7.Diagnosis of Communication Disorders of African American
Children.
The Assessment Process.Assessment Procedures.Communicating
Assessment Information to Parents.Communicating with Teachers.The
Written Report.
8.Educational Assessment Practices and African American
Students.
Cultural Influences on the Assessment of Black Children.Legislated
Nondiscriminatory Evaluation.Observation of Student Behaviors.
9.Treatment of Speech-Language Disorders.
Service Delivery for African Americans.Qualities Required to Serve
African American Clients.Determining Therapy Goals from Assessment
Results.Instructional Methods.
10.Facilitating Standard English Acquisition for African
American Children.
Standard English.Correcting.Language Acquisition.Modeling.Role
Playing.Immersion, and Grouping Strategies which Facilitate
Language Acquisition.The Reading Hypothesis.The Writing
Process.Dialect Readers and Multicultural Literature.
11.School Biases and African American Children.
Overrepresentation in Special Education Classes.Cultural
Discontinuity.Traditional American Schools.
12.Importance of Spoken Language to Reading Skills.
Language and Literacy: The Black Child.Teacher Attitudes and Black
Student's Language.Selecting Reading Materials and Activities.
13.Empowering African American Children.
Teachers' Influence on Empowerment.Building Self-Respect.Developing
Positive Self-Images and Self-Esteem.Parents' Influence on
Self-Esteem, Self- Discipline, and Empowerment.Parental Influence
on Black Child Development.
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