Born in Malaysia in 1857 to a Chinese father and Portuguese mother,
Gu Hongming’s mixed race family gave him an
understanding of Asia and Europe that he would use well throughout
his life. Educated in Scotland, he received an M.A. in Literature
from the University of Edinburgh, a diploma in Civil Engineering at
the University of Leipzig, Germany and studied law in Paris,
France. Returning to Malaysia in 1880 he joined the colonial
Singapore civil service and eventually went to China where he held
many ranking positions in the Imperial government. Throughout his
career he wrote many essays and books about Confucius, primarily in
English. By the end of his life in 1928 he was renowned as an
interpreter of China and the Chinese people to the West.
Dr. Jinli He, Ph.D. is Assistant Professor, Modern
Languages and Literatures, at Trinity University in San Antonio,
Texas, USA. She received her Ph.D. from the Department of Chinese
Language and Literature at Peking University, China.
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