Table of Contents

Introduction Each section opens with an Introduction. SECTION I. BACKGROUND CONCEPTS OPPRESSION Iris M. Young , "Five Faces of Oppression" SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION Sally Haslanger , "Gender and Social Construction: Who? What? When? Where? How?" Susan Wendell , "The Social Construction of Disability" Trina Grillo , "Anti-Essentialism and Intersectionality: Tools to Dismantle the Master's House" EPISTEMIC POSITION Joanna Kadi , "Stupidity 'Deconstructed'" Patricia Hill Collins , "The Politics of Black Feminist Thought" Uma Narayan , "Cross-Cultural Connections, Border-Crossings, and 'Death by Culture'" Linda Alcoff , "The Problem of Speaking for Others" SECTION II. GENERAL APPROACHES TO SEX OPPRESSION THE SAMENESS APPROACH ("Humanist Feminism") Theoretical Frames John Stuart Mill, The Subjection of Women , Chapter 1 Sojourner Truth , "Ar'n't I a Woman?" Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex, Introduction: Martha C. Nussbaum , "Human Capabilities, Female Human Beings" Contextual Studies Susan Schechter , "Social Change on Behalf of Battered Women: Reforming the Criminal Justice System" Amartya Sen , "More than 100 Million Woman Are Missing" Kimberlé Crenshaw , "Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color" THE DIFFERENCE APPROACH ("GYNOCENTRIC FEMINISM") Theoretical Frames Iris M. Young , "Humanism, Gynocentrism, and Feminist Politics" Jane Addams , "Women and Public Housekeeping" Audre Lorde , "Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power" Paula Gunn Allen , "Who Is Your Mother? Red Roots of White Feminism" Carol Gilligan , "Moral Orientation and Moral Development" Contextual Studies Carol P. Christ , "Why Women Need the Goddess: Phenomenological, Psychological, and Political Reflections" Alice Walker , "The Only Reason You Want to Go to Heaven Is That You Have Been Driven Out of Your Mind (Off Your Land and Out of Your Lover's Arms)" Sara Ruddick , "Notes Toward a Feminist Maternal Peace Politics" Vandana Shiva , "Women's Indigenous Knowledge and Biodiversity Conservation" THE DOMINANCE APPROACH Theoretical Frames Catharine MacKinnon , "Difference and Domination: On Sex Discrimination" Catherine MacKinnon , "Desire and Power" and "Sex and Violence: A Perspective" Emma Goldman , "Woman Suffrage" Sandre Lee Bartky , "Foucault, Femininity, and the Modernization of Patriarchal Power" Audre Lorde , "Age, Race, Class, and Sex: Women Redefining Difference" Contextual Studies John Stoltenberg , "Confronting Pornography as a Civil-Rights Issue" Lisa Duggan, Nan D. Hunter, and Carole S. Vance , "False Promises: Feminist Antipornography Legislation" Marilyn Frye , "Willful Virgin or Do You Have to Be a Lesbian to Be a Feminist?" bell hooks , "Seduced by Violence No More" SECTION III. LOCALIZING APPROACHES TO SEX OPPRESSION POSTMODERN FEMINISM Theoretical Frames Nancy Fraser and Linda J. Nicholson , "Social Criticism without Philosophy: An Encounter between Feminism and Postmodernism" Judith Butler , from Gender Trouble bell hooks , "Postmodern Blackness" Contextual Studies Sharon Marcus , "Fighting Bodies, Fighting Words: A Theory and Politics of Rape Prevention" Kate Bornstein , "Send in the Clowns" Susan Bordo , "Material Girl: The Effacements of Postmodern Culture" FEMINIST IDENTITY POLITICS Theoretical Frames Barbara Christian , "The Race for Theory" Combahee River Collective , "A Black Feminist Statement" Mari Matsuda , "On Identity Politics" Contextual Studies Gloria Anzaldúa , "La Conciencia de la Mestiza: Towards a New Consciousness" Angela Davis , "Mama's Got the Blues: Rivals, Girlfriends, and Advisors" Dorothy E. Roberts , "Punishing Drug Addicts Who Have Babies: Women of Color, Equality, and the Right of Privacy" SECTION IV. FEMINIST ALLIES? Nancy Fraser , "Multiculturalism, Antiessentialism, and Radical Democracy: A Genealogy of the Current Impasse in Feminist Theory" POSTCOLONIAL THEORY Leela Gandhi , "Postcolonialism and Feminism" Ann Laura Stoler , "Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: Gender, Race, and Morality in Colonial Asia" NEO-MATERIALIST THEORY Iris M. Young , "Socialist Feminism and the Limits of Dual Systems Theory" Gwyn Kirk , "Standing on Solid Ground: A Materialist Ecological Feminism" QUEER THEORY Leslie Feinberg , "Walking Our Talk" Gayle S. Rubin , "Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality" Judith Butler , "Against Proper Objects" Evelynn Hammonds , "Black (W)holes and the Geometry of Black Female Sexuality"