Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
About the Companion Website xv
1 Laboratory Equipment 3
Laboratory equipment 3
Microscope 3
Centrifuge 9
Refractometer 11
Chemistry analyzers 13
Hematology analyzers 13
Coagulation analyzers 14
Quality control of all laboratory equipment 14
2 Blood Analysis 17
Hematology 17
Proper blood collection and handling techniques 17
Blood collection tubes 17
Peripheral blood smears 18
Staining 22
Packed cell volume (PCV) 23
Red blood cell count 26
Red blood cell indices 28
Reticulocyte count 29
Corrected reticulocyte percentage 30
Reticulocyte production index (RPI) 31
White blood cell count 31
White blood cell differential 33
Calculations 34
White blood cell estimate 35
Corrected white blood cell count 36
Platelet count 37
Platelet estimate 38
Normal species variation of leukocytes 40
Neutrophil maturation 44
Abnormal morphological changes in leukocytes 45
Erythrocyte morphologies 46
Evaluating a blood film to complement automated analyzers 51
Clinical chemistries 52
Coagulation testing 53
Activated clotting time 54
Buccal mucosal bleeding time 54
Automated clotting tests 55
3 Urinalysis 57
Sample collection 57
Free catch (voided sample) 57
Bladder expression 57
Catheterization 58
Cystocentesis 59
Sample preservation 59
In vitro changes occurring in unpreserved urine 60
Refrigeration 60
Freezing 61
Toluene 61
Formalin (40%) 61
Boric acid (0.8%) 61
Commercial preservation tablets 61
Physical examination of urine 62
Volume 62
Color 62
Turbidity 62
Odor 63
Specific gravity (SG) 64
Chemical examination 65
Glucose 66
Bilirubin 66
Ketones 67
Blood 67
pH 67
Protein 67
Urobilinogen 67
Nitrite 68
Leukocytes 68
Sediment examination 68
Materials required 68
Sediment stain 68
Procedure for microscopic examination of urine 69
Reporting of findings 70
Microscopic elements of urine sediment 70
4 Parasitology 77
Collection 77
Pooled samples 77
Gross examination 78
Consistency 78
Color 78
Blood 78
Mucous 78
Gross parasites 78
Microscopic examination 79
Direct fecal smear 79
Simple fecal flotation 80
Centrifugation technique 81
Baermann technique 83
Common parasites of domestic species 83
Canine and feline 83
Ruminants 106
Equine 113
5 Cytology 121
Sample collection 121
Swabs 121
Fine needle biopsy 123
Tissue biopsy 125
Imprints 127
Centesis 128
Scrapings 129
Smear preparation 130
Feather smear method 130
Line smear method 131
Compression (or squash) method 131
Modified squash method 133
Starfish method 133
Staining 135
Romanowsky stains (Wright’s and Diff-Quick) 135
New methylene blue 135
Microscopic evaluation of cytology slides 136
Pyknosis and karyorrhexis 136
Karyolysis 138
Classifying cell types 138
Inflammation 138
Other cell types 140
Neoplasia 140
Reporting your findings 144
Laboratory submissions 144
Ear cytology 144
Slide preparation and staining 145
Microscopic findings 145
Vaginal cytology 145
Collection methods 147
Cell types seen 148
Stages of estrous 152
Semen evaluation 154
Slide preparation 154
Live/dead sperm ratio 155
Sperm morphology 155
Appendix 159
Temperature conversions 159
Metric conversions 159
Length 159
Weight 160
Volume 160
Metric system 160
Glossary 161
Bibliography 169
Index 171
Brianne Bellwood, RAHT, is a full time instructor and theProgram Coordinator for the Animal Health Technology program atLakeland College in Vermilion, Alberta, Canada. She coversboth the practical and theoretical components of several laboratorysubjects for Animal Health Technology students. She is also theProgram Coordinator for the Animal Health Technology program atLakeland College. Melissa Andrasik-Catton, RVT, BS, was a full timeinstructor for 10 years and is now an adjunct instructor for MapleWoods Community College Veterinary Technology Program. She isalso a Clinical Trials Manager for Product Development andRegulatory Affairs at Dechra, Development, LLC. Shefrequently lectures on the subject of Clinical Pathology at local,state and regional veterinary conferences.
Overall, this is a moderately priced and useful quickreference book. (Journal of the American VeterinaryMedical Association, 15 June 2014) A 'must' for any practicing technician's referencelibrary. (Midwest Book Review, 1 July 2014)
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