Table of Contents

Preface ix Acknowledgements xi Notices xiii 1 Thinking about Chance 1 1.1 Chapter Summary / 1 1.2 Glossary / 3 1.3 Equations / 5 1.4 Examples / 6 1.5 Exercises / 10 2 Describing Populations 13 2.1 Chapter Summary / 13 2.2 Glossary / 16 2.3 Equations / 18 2.4 Examples / 18 2.5 Exercises / 22 3 Examining Samples 24 3.1 Chapter Summary / 24 3.2 Glossary / 27 3.3 Equations / 28 3.4 Examples / 29 3.5 Exercises / 32 4 Univariable Analysis of a Continuous Dependent Variable 36 4.1 Chapter Summary / 36 4.2 Glossary / 37 4.3 Equations / 38 4.4 Examples / 38 4.5 Exercises / 41 5 Univariable Analysis of an Ordinal Dependent Variable 45 5.1 Chapter Summary / 45 5.2 Glossary / 46 5.3 Equations / 47 5.4 Examples / 47 5.5 Exercises / 50 6 Univariable Analysis of a Nominal Dependent Variable 52 6.1 Chapter Summary / 52 6.2 Glossary / 53 6.3 Equations / 54 6.4 Examples / 55 6.5 Exercises / 58 7 Bivariable Analysis of a Continuous Dependent Variable 62 7.1 Chapter Summary / 62 7.2 Glossary / 66 7.3 Equations / 68 7.4 Examples / 69 7.5 Exercises / 77 8 Bivariable Analysis of an Ordinal Dependent Variable 82 8.1 Chapter Summary / 82 8.2 Glossary / 83 8.3 Equations / 84 8.4 Examples / 84 8.5 Exercises / 87 9 Bivariable Analysis of a Nominal Dependent Variable 90 9.1 Chapter Summary / 90 9.2 Glossary / 92 9.3 Equations / 93 9.4 Examples / 94 9.5 Exercises / 100 10 Multivariable Analysis of a Continuous Dependent Variable 105 10.1 Chapter Summary / 105 10.2 Glossary / 108 10.3 Equations / 109 10.4 Examples / 110 10.5 Exercises / 124 11 Multivariable Analysis of an Ordinal Dependent Variable 132 11.1 Chapter Summary / 132 11.2 Glossary / 133 11.3 Equations / 133 11.4 Examples / 134 11.5 Exercises / 137 12 Multivariable Analysis of a Nominal Dependent Variable 141 12.1 Chapter Summary / 141 12.2 Glossary / 144 12.3 Equations / 146 12.4 Examples / 147 12.5 Exercises / 157 13 Selecting Statistical Tests 163 13.1 Overview / 163 13.2 Glossary / 164 13.3 Examples / 165 13.4 Exercises / 171 Appendix A: Flowcharts 177 Appendix B: Statistical Tables 183 Appendix C: Answers to Odd Exercises 219 Index 221

About the Author

Robert P. Hirsch, PhD, is on the faculty for the Foundation for the Advanced Education in the Sciences within the Graduate School at the National Institutes of Health. He is also a retired Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Adjunct Professor of Statistics at The George Washington University. Dr. Hirsch is the author of numerous books in the field of health research and practice.